| ADAM | ADAM metallopeptidase domain |
| CRD | Carbohydrate recognition domain |
| Gal | Galectin |
| Gal-3C | Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain |
| GLUT | Glucose transporter |
| HGF | Hepatocyte growth factor |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α |
| Lactate | 2-hydroxypropanoic acid |
| LacNAc | N-acetyllactosamine |
| LBA | Lactobionic acid |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| MCP | Modified citrus pectin |
| MMP9 | Matrix metalloproteinase 9 |
| NK cell | Natural killer cell |
| NTD | N-terminal domain |
| PD-L1 | Programmed death-ligand 1 |
| PS | Photosensitizer |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TCA | Tricarboxylic acid |
| TCGA | The Cancer Genome Atlas |
| TDG | Thiodigalactoside |
| TetraLacNAc | Tetra-N-acetyl-D-lactosamine |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-beta |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 |