Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants (n = 8249) in Taiwan. a. Across CVAI quartiles; b. Across ABSI quartiles
| Men (n = 3600) | Women (n = 4649) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (< 84.47) | Q2 (84.47–111.45) | Q3 (111.45–138.01) | Q4 (≥ 138.01) | Q1 (< 94.66) | Q2 (94.66–117.87) | Q3 (117.87–141.57) | Q4 (≥ 141.57) | |||
| n = 900 | n = 900 | n = 900 | n = 900 | P | n = 1162 | n = 1163 | n = 1162 | n = 1162 | P | |
| a. CVAI quartiles | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 74.55 (7.00) | 74.31 (7.06) | 74.67 (7.45) | 75.30 (7.25) | 0.025 | 70.20 (5.26) | 72.32 (6.14) | 74.68 (6.79) | 77.40 (7.09) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.22 (2.16) | 23.63 (1.78) | 25.23 (1.88) | 27.80 (2.77) | < 0.001 | 20.81 (2.15) | 23.23 (1.98) | 25.03 (2.17) | 28.15 (3.29) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 131.89 (19.99) | 135.18 (18.90) | 135.79 (19.05) | 137.62 (18.99) | < 0.001 | 131.62 (20.71) | 136.22 (20.16) | 139.93 (20.59) | 144.63 (21.53) | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 73.24 (12.00) | 75.00 (11.09) | 75.67 (11.37) | 76.36 (11.51) | < 0.001 | 71.01 (11.37) | 72.86 (11.66) | 74.05 (11.30) | 74.75 (11.71) | < 0.001 |
| WC, cm | 75.49 (4.92) | 84.10 (2.65) | 89.42 (2.79) | 98.42 (5.75) | < 0.001 | 71.90 (5.82) | 78.60 (5.49) | 84.07 (5.73) | 92.77 (8.93) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % |
5.89 (0.87) |
6.02 (0.88) |
6.39 (1.30) |
6.59 (1.34) |
< 0.001 |
5.83 (0.83) |
6.03 (0.78) |
6.48 (1.22) |
6.74 (1.27) |
< 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/l | 5.62 (1.03) | 5.80 (1.09) | 5.94 (1.15) | 6.34 (1.68) | < 0.001 | 5.47 (0.86) | 5.71 (1.06) | 6.01 (1.50) | 6.40 (1.84) | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/l | 4.92 (0.88) | 4.84 (0.91) | 4.86 (0.95) | 4.68 (0.87) | < 0.001 | 5.37 (0.87) | 5.30 (0.94) | 5.20 (0.94) | 5.13 (0.96) | < 0.001 |
| TG, mmol/l | 0.79 (0.61–1.05) | 0.99 (0.75–1.39) | 1.25 (0.90–1.71) | 1.41 (1.04–1.99) | < 0.001 | 0.79 (0.63–1.02) | 1.10 (0.86–1.47) | 1.32 (1.02–1.82) | 1.63 (1.23–2.24) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/l | 1.56 (0.39) | 1.30 (0.31) | 1.20 (0.27) | 1.08 (0.24) | < 0.001 | 1.83 (0.40) | 1.56 (0.36) | 1.42 (0.33) | 1.29 (0.31) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/l | 2.96 (0.79) | 3.01 (0.83) | 3.00 (0.86) | 2.85 (0.82) | < 0.001 | 3.15 (0.80) | 3.21 (0.85) | 3.13 (0.83) | 3.06 (0.87) | < 0.001 |
| UA, mg/dl | 5.79 (1.27) | 6.15 (1.30) | 6.43 (1.45) | 6.62 (1.48) | < 0.001 | 4.67 (1.00) | 5.08 (1.08) | 5.44 (1.25) | 5.88 (1.45) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 75.7 (20.1) | 72.1 (19.2) | 69.3 (19.1) | 68.8 (20.5) | < 0.001 | 84.6 (20.1) | 80.1 (20.4) | 75.7 (22.1) | 69.2 (21.8) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 119 (13.22) | 115 (12.78) | 134 (14.89) | 138 (15.33) | 0.325 | 12 (1.03) | 12 (1.03) | 18 (1.55) | 17 (1.46) | 0.549 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 235 (26.11) | 266 (29.56) | 251 (27.89) | 234 (26.00) | 0.278 | 77 (6.63) | 90 (7.74) | 69 (5.94) | 57 (4.91) | 0.039 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 243 (27.00) | 217 (24.11) | 198 (22.00) | 186 (20.67) | 0.009 | 189 (16.27) | 286 (24.59) | 320 (27.54) | 290 (24.96) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 103 (11.44) | 141 (15.67) | 188 (20.89) | 290 (32.22) | < 0.001 | 80 (6.88) | 141 (12.12) | 245 (21.08) | 351 (30.21) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia Tx | 134 (14.9) | 201 (22.3) | 219 (24.3) | 251 (27.9) | < 0.001 | 284 (24.4) | 370 (31.8) | 344 (29.6) | 408 (35.1) | < 0.001 |
| HTN, n (%) | 108 (12.00) | 115 (12.78) | 146 (16.22) | 125 (13.89) | 0.053 | 121 (10.41) | 183 (15.74) | 218 (18.76) | 215 (18.50) | < 0.001 |
| CVD, n (%) | 105 (11.67) | 131 (14.56) | 163 (18.11) | 186 (20.67) | < 0.001 | 84 (7.23) | 140 (12.04) | 178 (15.32) | 259 (22.29) | < 0.001 |
| ABSI | 0.126 (0.008) | 0.131 (0.007) | 0.134 (0.008) | 0.138 (0.008) | < 0.001 | 0.118 (0.017) | 0.120 (0.010) | 0.122 (0.010) | 0.124 (0.011) | < 0.001 |
| Men (n = 3600) | Women (n = 4649) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (< 0.1261) | Q2 (0.1261–0.1322) | Q3 (0.1322–0.1379) | Q4 (≥ 0.1379) | Q1 (< 0.1137) | Q2 (0.1137–0.1199) | Q3 (0.1199–0.1267) | Q4 (≥ 0.1267) | |||
| n = 900 | n = 900 | n = 900 | n = 900 | P | n = 1162 | n = 1162 | n = 1163 | n = 1162 | P | |
| b. ABSI quartiles | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 74.91 (7.09) | 74.92 (7.15) | 74.06 (6.92) | 74.94 (7.58) | 0.022 | 73.42 (6.67) | 73.05 (6.58) | 73.20 (6.83) | 74.93 (7.34) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 24.12 (3.31) | 24.64 (3.04) | 24.67 (3.34) | 24.46 (3.23) | 0.001 | 24.64 (3.83) | 24.39 (3.56) | 24.21 (3.39) | 23.98 (3.72) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 134.90 (19.90) | 134.74 (19.22) | 136.35 (19.17) | 134.50 (19.04) | 0.170 | 139.16 (22.30) | 137.64 (21.54) | 137.30 (20.48) | 138.30 (20.77) | 0.161 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74.11 (11.50) | 74.48 (10.95) | 76.17 (11.99) | 75.50 (11.63) | < 0.001 | 73.33 (11.97) | 73.13 (11.27) | 72.71 (11.39) | 73.51 (11.72) | 0.380 |
| WC, cm | 79.85 (8.00) | 85.56 (7.23) | 88.92 (8.21) | 93.11 (8.45) | < 0.001 | 75.14 (8.17) | 79.64 (7.97) | 83.18 (8.14) | 89.38 (10.28) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % |
6.04 (0.91) |
6.23 (1.15) |
6.31 (1.16) |
6.50 (1.43) |
< 0.001 |
6.12 (0.90) |
6.32 (1.03) |
6.40 (1.16) |
6.54 (1.42) |
< 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/l | 5.76 (1.07) | 5.84 (1.07) | 5.97 (1.27) | 6.13 (1.63) | < 0.001 | 5.72 (1.13) | 5.90 (1.42) | 5.93 (1.41) | 6.04 (1.64) | < 0.001 |
| TC, mmol/l | 4.85 (0.87) | 4.87 (0.92) | 4.81 (0.88) | 4.78 (0.94) | 0.101 | 5.27 (0.91) | 5.29 (0.93) | 5.24 (0.96) | 5.21 (0.93) | 0.195 |
| TG, mmol/l | 0.95 (0.70–1.40) | 1.10 (0.78–1.53) | 1.11 (0.80–1.58) | 1.16 (0.82–1.66) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (0.80–1.49) | 1.16 (0.82–1.62) | 1.20 (0.88–1.70) | 1.25 (0.90–1.76) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/l | 1.36 (0.39) | 1.31 (0.36) | 1.25 (0.34) | 1.22 (0.31) | < 0.001 | 1.60 (0.42) | 1.54 (0.39) | 1.49 (0.38) | 1.48 (0.41) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/l | 2.96 (0.79) | 2.98 (0.83) | 2.95 (0.83) | 2.94 (0.86) | 0.760 | 3.14 (0.79) | 3.16 (0.85) | 3.14 (0.86) | 3.11 (0.85) | 0.426 |
| UA, mg/dl | 6.13 (1.36) | 6.24 (1.37) | 6.20 (1.39) | 6.40 (1.50) | 0.006 | 5.13 (1.26) | 5.30 (1.28) | 5.32 (1.27) | 5.36 (1.33) | 0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 71.3 (19.9) | 71.3 (19.2) | 72.0 (19.8) | 71.1 (20.7) | 0.76 | 77.9 (21.2) | 78.1 (21.1) | 76.9 (22.1) | 76.7 (23.1) | 0.02 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 107 (11.89) | 119 (13.22) | 135 (15.00) | 145 (16.11) | 0.050 | 9 (0.77) | 14 (1.20) | 14 (1.20) | 22 (1.89) | 0.114 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 211 (23.44) | 253 (28.11) | 244 (27.11) | 278 (30.89) | 0.005 | 70 (6.02) | 74 (6.37) | 72 (6.19) | 77 (6.63) | 0.942 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 259 (28.78) | 233 (25.89) | 188 (20.89) | 164 (18.22) | < 0.001 | 334 (28.74) | 250 (21.51) | 227 (19.52) | 274 (23.58) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 151 (16.78) | 151 (16.78) | 197 (21.89) | 223 (24.78) | < 0.001 | 152 (13.08) | 194 (16.70) | 205 (17.63) | 266 (22.89) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia Tx | 199 (21.1) | 213 (23.6) | 204 (22.0) | 189 (22.8) | 0.6 | 400 (30.9) | 329 (29.0) | 357 (31.1) | 320 (29.9) | 0.67 |
| HTN, n (%) | 138 (15.33) | 130 (14.44) | 113 (12.56) | 113 (12.56) | 0.218 | 210 (18.07) | 174 (14.97) | 188 (16.17) | 165 (14.20) | 0.059 |
| CVD, n (%) | 137 (15.22) | 155 (17.22) | 132 (14.67) | 161 (17.89) | 0.190 | 179 (15.40) | 158 (13.60) | 157 (13.50) | 167 (14.37) | 0.527 |
| CVAI | 80.93 (37.22) | 105.64 (33.47) | 119.72 (36.68) | 137.75 (37.43) | < 0.001 | 109.70 (33.84) | 114.92 (32.36) | 119.67 (31.45) | 129.33 (34.19) | < 0.001 |
ABSI a body shape index; BMI body mass index; CVAI Chinese visceral adiposity index; DBP diastolic blood pressure; DM diabetes mellitus; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTN hypertension; Hyperlipidemia Tx pharmacological treatment for hyperlipidemia; LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP systolic blood pressure; SD standard deviation; TC total cholesterol; TG Triglyceride; UA uric acid; WC waist circumference
Data are mean (SD) or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated