Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable logistic regression for analyzing the risk factors for developing brain metastases in esophageal cancer patients

Subject characteristics	Univariable		Multivariable
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Age (years)
< 65	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
> =65	0.53 (0.40–0.71)	< 0.001	0.64 (0.48–0.85)	0.002
Sex
Male	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Female	0.51 (0.33–0.77)	0.002	0.74 (0.48–1.16)	0.191
Race
White	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Black	0.31 (0.12–0.65)	0.005	0.38 (0.16–0.89)	0.026
Asian or Pacific Islander	0.89 (0.42–1.65)	0.739	1.11 (0.55–2.24)	0.779
American Indian/Alaska Native	3.78 (1.33–8.46)	0.004	3.28 (1.27–8.45)	0.014
Primary site
Upper third	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Middle third	3.07 (1.21–10.33)	0.035	2.40 (0.83–6.93)	0.105
Lower third	4.05 (1.71–13.19)	0.006	2.03 (0.71–5.76)	0.186
Overlapping lesion	8.78 (3.29–30.37)	< 0.001	4.02 (1.32–12.25)	0.015
Histology
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Esophageal adenocarcinoma	2.49 (1.75–3.64)	< 0.001	2.01 (1.30–3.10)	0.002
Grade
Grade I	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Grade II	1.27 (0.61–2.65)	0.523
Grade III	2.01 (0.98–4.13)	0.056
Grade IV	2.61 (0.78–8.75)	0.119
T stage
T1	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
T2	0.54 (0.32–0.88)	0.018	0.62 (0.37–1.05)	0.076
T3	0.45 (0.31–0.64)	< 0.001	0.40 (0.28–0.59)	< 0.001
T4	1.57 (1.09–2.24)	0.014	0.96 (0.65–1.41)	0.832
N stage
N0	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
N1	2.97 (2.11–4.27)	< 0.001	2.66 (1.83–3.85)	< 0.001
N2	1.36 (0.74–2.37)	0.302	1.57 (0.86–2.87)	0.143
N3	3.47 (1.82–6.22)	< 0.001	2.46 (1.29–4.70)	0.007
Bone metastases
None	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Yes	6.72 (4.84–9.21)	< 0.001	3.11 (2.19–4.41)	< 0.001
Liver metastases
None	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Yes	4.38 (3.22–5.90)	< 0.001	1.51 (1.07–2.14)	0.020
Lung metastases
None	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Yes	6.53 (4.75–8.87)	0.001	3.02 (2.11–4.32)	< 0.001