Table 4.
Overview of radiogenomic literature on prostate cancer.
| Reference | Molecule Studied | Imaging Performed | Results | Approach | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McCann et al. [124] | PTEN | MRI | Perfusion imaging contrast uptake, T2-weighted signal-intensity skewness |
Classical | Radiomic |
| Stoyanova et al. [158] | General gene expression |
MRI | Radiomic signatures | Classical | Radiomic |
| Renard-Penna et al. [119] | RNA expression signature derived from cell cycle proliferation genes (Prolaris®) | mpMRI | Correlation with Gleason score (r = 0.199, p = 0.04) and PIRADS sum score (r = 0.26, p = 0.007) | Classical | Radiomic |
| Jamshidi et al. [125] | Whole-exosome DNA sequencing | mpMRI | No statistically significant linear correlation between individual mutations and mpMRI imaging parameters or PIRADS scores (p = 0.3) | Classical | Radiomic |
| Houlahan et al. [130] | Small nucleolar RNAs | mpMRI | Elevated snoRNA abundance may be a novel hallmark of nimbotic tumors (AUC: 0.87; 95%CI: 0.75–0.99) | Classical | Radiomic |
| Li P et al. [159] | Differentially expressed genes | MRI | MRI visibility (AUC: 0.86), progression-free survival HR = 2.53 (1.55–4.11), p < 0.001 BCR-free survival HR = 1.3 (1.04–1.63), p = 0.021 | Classical | Radiomic |
| Eineluoto et al. [160] | PTEN and ERG | MRI | MRI-invisible lesions had less PTEN loss and ERG-positive expression compared with patients with MRI-visible lesions (17.2% vs. 43.3%, p = 0.006; 8.6% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.125) | Classical | Radiomic |
| Hectors et al. [161] | 40 gene expression signatures plus Decipher® | MRI | Prediction of Gleason score of 8 or greater (AUC 0.72) and prediction of a Decipher® score of 0.6 or greater (AUC 0.84). | Classical | Radiomic |
| Li L et al. [162] | Decipher® | MRI | Model outperformed the prediction using PIRADS v2 (AUC = 0.67), and comparable performance with Gleason grade group (AUC = 0.80) | Classical | Radiomic |
| Sun et al. [163] | Full transcriptome genetic profiles | mpMRI | Weak association of mpMRI features and hypoxia gene expression (p < 0.05). | Classical | Radiomic |
| Fischer et al. [27] | Gene and miRNA expression (Alanyl membrane aminopeptidase, microRNA-mir-217, mir-592, mir-6715b) | mpMRI | T2c and T3b prostate cancer stages being highly correlated with aggressiveness on related imaging features (average r = ± 0.75) | Classical | Radiomic |
| Wibmer et al. [150] | Prolaris® test | MRI | ECE on MRI had significantly higher mean cell cycle risk score (reader 1: 3.9 vs. 3.2, p = 0.015; reader 2: 3.6 vs. 3.2, p = 0.045) | Classical | Radiomic |
| Vander-Weele et al. [164] | PTEN | mpMRI | Imaging uptake parameters showing mathematical correlation with PTEN expression (r = 0.25, p < 0.1 and r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and T2w unevenness also showed some correlation tendency (r = −0.25, p < 0.1) | Classical | Radiomic |
| Switlyk et al. [165] | PTEN | MRI | ADC was negatively correlated with Gleason score (p = 0.001) and tumor size (p = 0.023) | Classical | Radiomic |
ADC = apparent diffusion coefficient; AUC = area under the curve; DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; ECE = extracapsular extension; ERG = ETS-related gene; mpMRI = multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging; miRNA = micro ribonucleic acid; PIRADS = prostate imaging reporting and data system; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog; T2w = T2-weighted.