. 2021 Sep 23;9:e11985. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11985

Table 1. Mean of the soil chemical attributes and enzymes.

Letters were attributed after Tukeys test. Uppercase letters are the differences between the treatments for the same year. Lowercase letters are between years 1 and 2 for each treatment. Values in bold showing significant variation, considering p-value <0.05 (ANOVA). POXC: labile carbon, N.inorg: inorganic nitrogen (NH4+ + NO3-), C/N inorg: the ratio between POXC and N.inorg. CM: conventional management, TM: transition management, OM: organic management, NM: nature management.

	CM		NM		OM		TM
Year	1	2	1	2	1	2	1	2
Ammonium	11.15 Aa	16.17 Aa	8.60 Aa	8.29 Aa	8.93 Aa	8.35 Aa	9.18 Aa	10.69 Aa
Nitrate (NO₃⁻)	14.60 Aa	22.09 Aa	*6.85 Ab*	*12.85 Aa*	*6.61 Ab*	*13.53 Aa*	12.91 Aa	18.19 Aa
N inorg	25.75 Aa	38.26 Aa	15.45 Aa	21.14 Aa	15.54 Aa	21.89 Aa	22.08 Aa	28.88 Aa
POXC	421.40 Aa	454.00 Aa	475.79 Aa	506.62 Aa	515.88 Aa	472.11 Aa	546.10 Aa	499.01 Aa
C/N inorg	24.69 Aa	18.73 Aa	31.81 Aa	28.16 Aa	35.30 Aa	27.10 Aa	34.12 Aa	24.28 Aa
β-glucosidase	*35.00 Bb*	*66.59 ABa*	*65.73 Ab*	*81.03 Aa*	*37.30 Bb*	*63.36 ABa*	*32.38 Bb*	*57.56 Ba*
Acid Phosphatase	*292.33 ABb*	*494.90 Aa*	*301.51 Ab*	*417.94 Ba*	*284.49 Ab*	*412.97 Ba*	*247.98 Bb*	*388.08 Ba*
Alkaline Phosphatase	*61.01 Bb*	*91.37 Ba*	*146.61 Aa*	*168.64 Aa*	*67.67 Bb*	*113.32 Ba*	*64.87 Bb*	*104.69 Ba*
pH	*4.72 Ca*	*4.71 Ca*	*5.73 Aa*	*5.82 Aa*	*5.69 Ab*	*5.90 Aa*	*5.37 Bb*	*5.57 Ba*
Organic matter	27.78 Aa	28.00 Aa	26.33 Aa	26.11 Aa	27.00 Aa	25.22 Aa	27.56 Aa	26.22 Aa
Phosphorus (P)	*7.89 Bb*	*9.44 Ba*	*59.22 Aa*	*40.78 Aa*	*17.89 ABb*	*30.44 Aa*	*16.67 ABb*	*36.22 Aa*
Potassium (K⁺)	*6.91 Ab*	*9.18 Aa*	*4.54 Ba*	*4.64 Ca*	*4.08 Ba*	*5.27 Ca*	*6.51 Aa*	*7.47 Ba*
Calcium (Ca⁺²)	*34.11 Ba*	*28.67 Ba*	*54.56 Aa*	*54.22 Aa*	*48.67 Aa*	*51.33 Aa*	*51.89 Aa*	*59.89 Aa*
Magnesium (Mg⁺²)	*15.11 Ba*	*13.67 Ca*	*24.00 Aa*	*25.67 Aa*	*17.78 Ba*	*16.44 BCa*	*18.22 Ba*	*19.33 Ba*
Aluminium (Al⁺³)	*3.56 Aa*	*2.78 Aa*	*0.02 Ba*	*0.02 Ba*	*0.02 Ba*	*0.02 Ba*	*0.13 Ba*	*0.02 Ba*
Yield	*5.57 Ba*	*2.20 Bb*	*6.80 Aa*	*6.00 Ab*	*6.93 Aa*	*6.37 Aa*	*6.73 Aa*	*1.93 Bb*