Effect of GJFE on non-shivering thermogenesis in cold-exposed C57BL/J mice. (A) Rectal temperature was measured at indicated time points in mice kept in 4 °C or 25 °C for 5 h. (B) A representative infrared thermal image and (C) average surface temperature are shown (n = 5 per group). (D) Paraffin-embedded iWAT and eWAT were stained with H&E (magnification 200×, scale bar 150 μm). (E) Protein levels of UCP1 and PGC1α were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The expression of UCP1 (green), TOM20 (red), and DAPI (blue) of (F) iWAT and (G) eWAT in cold-exposed mice were detected by immunofluorescence staining (magnification 400×, scale bar 75 μm). β-actin was used as a loading control for Western blot analysis. #
p < 0.05 vs. PBS-fed mice kept in 25 °C, * p < 0.05 vs. PBS-fed mice with cold exposure. ns, non-significant. GJFE, Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract.