Table 2.

Results of systematic review.

Newly diagnosed celiac patients vs. non-celiac control subjects
Publication	Age group	Body composition analysis	Outcome (reference: control group)
			Body weight	Body mass index	Fat mass	Fat-free mass
Capristo et al., 2000 [10]	adults	ID	↓	N/A	↓	↓
Capristo et al., 1997 [15]	adults	BIA	↓	↓	↓	↓
Barera et al., 2000 [26]	children	DXA	↓	-	↓	-
Björck et al., 2017 [27]	children	DXA	-	-	-	-
Aurangzeb et al., 2010 [28]	children	BIA	-	-	-	-
Rätsch et al., 2001 [29]	children	DXA	-	N/A	-	-
Gallardo et al., 2008 [30] *	children	DXA	↓	↓	↓	↓
Celiac patients at diagnosis vs. same patients after at least a one-year gluten-free diet
Publication	Age group	Body composition analysis	Outcome (reference: celiac patients after at least a 1-year gluten-free diet)
			Body weight	Body mass index	Fat mass	Fat-free mass
Capristo et al., 2000 [10]	adults	ID	↑	N/A	↑	-
Barera et al., 2000 [26]	children	DXA	-	-	-	-
Gallardo et al., 2008 [30] *	children	DXA	↑	↑	-	↑
Suárez-González et al., 2020 [31]	children	BIA	N/A	-	↓	↑
Capristo et al., 2009 [32]	adults	DXA	↑	↑	↑	-
Newnham et al., 2016 [33]	adults	DXA	↑	↑	↑	-
Smecuol et al., 1997 [34]	adults	DXA	↑	↑	↑	-
Rocco et al., 2014 [35] *	adults	BIA	-	-	-	↓
Wiech et al., 2018 [36]	children	BIA	↑	↑	-	↑
Celiac patients on a gluten-free diet for at least one year vs. non-celiac control subjects
Publication	Age group	Body composition analysis	Outcome (reference: control group)
			Body weight	Body mass index	Fat mass	Fat-free mass
Tsiountsioura et al., 2014 [9]	children	BIA	-	-	-	-
Capristo et al., 2000 [10]	adults	ID	↓	N/A	↓	↓
Bardella et al., 2000 [11]	adults	DXA	↓	↓	↓	↓
Bassil et al., 2017 [13] *	adults	DXA	↓	↓	↓	N/A
Bodé et al., 1991 [14]	adults	STM	N/A	↓	↓	↑
Capristo et al., 1997 [15]	adults	BIA	↓	↓	↓	↓
Ballestero-Fernández et al., 2019 [16]	children	STM	-	-	-	N/A
Barera et al., 2000 [26]	adults	DXA	-	-	-	-
Björck et al., 2017 [27]	children	DXA	-	-	-	-
Carbone et al., 2003 [37]	children	DXA	↓	N/A	-	↓
	adults		↓	N/A	-	↓
De Lorenzo et al., 1999 [38]	children	DXA	↓	↓	-	↓
		BIA	↓	↓	-	↓
Barone et al., 2015 [39]	adults	DXA	N/A	N/A	-	-
Nunes-Silva et al., 2017 [40]	adults	BIA	N/A	-	-	N/A
Ballestero-Fernández et al., 2021 [41]	adults	STM	-	-	-	N/A
Nestares et al., 2021 [42]	children	DXA	↓	-	-	↓
Silva et al., 2014 [43]	children	BIA	-	-	-	-

↑: Significantly higher; ↓: Significantly lower; -: Not significant; N/A: No data available; * Conference abstract; BIA: Bioelectrical impedance analysis; DXA: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; ID: Isotopic dilution; STM: Skinfold thickness measurement.