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. 2021 Sep 18;10(9):2463. doi: 10.3390/cells10092463

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic diagram showing major changes in characteristics of CMs during maturation. Matured CMs have an increased cell size, and the cell shape changes from circular to rod-shaped. Matured CMs have an improved alignment of sarcomeres, longer sarcomeres, and existence of t-tubules and become multi-nucleated. They also have enhanced calcium handling, electrophysiology, and metabolism. APs, action potentials; CaTs, calcium transients; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; β-Ox, β-oxidation.