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. 2021 Aug 26;14(9):847. doi: 10.3390/ph14090847

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Challenges and characteristics of an ideal α-syn tracer. (Reprinted with permission from [56]. Copyright 2014 the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.) (A) Low density and concentration of α-syn in comparison with other targets. (B) Structural similarity with other proteins such as Aβ and tau. (C) Coexistence and colocalization with structural similar amyloids such as Aβ and tau. (D) Intracellular localization. (E) Multiple post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation (P), ubiquitination (U), and nitration (N). (F) Various structural forms such as fibrils, oligomers, and misfolded proteins. (Visualized with BioRender).