Table 1.

Comparison of the proposed procedure with the previously reported voltammetric methods using ASV for the determination of Cd(II). The works are ranked according to the decreasing limit of detection.

Electrode	Accumulation Time	LOD	Sample	References
polyPCA/GE	125 s	0.142 μM	freshwater and real water	[32]
SWCNTs/Biomass/GCE	120 s	0.103 μM	real water	[33]
GQDs/NF/GCE	150 s	0.126 μM	bivalve mollusks	[34]
BOC/GCE	500 s	0.035 μM	tap water	[35]
Hg(Ag)FE	30 s	0.013 μM	real water	[36]
MFE/GCE	240 s	0.006 μM	the constituent parts of the illegal cigarettes	[37]
IL/GO/GCE	300 s	0.003 μM	tap water	[38]
MWCNT/GCE	not specified	0.002 μM	real water	[39]
BiFE/GCE	60 s	0.008 × 10−1 μM	real water	[31]
GO@Fe3O4@2-CBT/GCE	180 s	0.027 × 10−2 μM	real water	[40]
CuF/GCE	210 s	0.017 × 10−2 μM	real water	[this work]
CuF/CN/SPE	210 s	0.013 × 10−2 μM	real water	[this work]

polyPCA/GE—graphite electrodes modified with poly(p-coumaric acid), SWCNTs/Biomass/GCE—glassy carbon electrode modified by a mixture of single walled carbon nanotubes and biomass, GQDs/NF/GCE—glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene quantum dots and Nafion, BOC/GCE—glassy carbon electrode modified bismuth oxycarbide, Hg(Ag)FE—renewable mercury film silver-based electrode, MFE/GCE—glassy carbon electrode modified mercury film, IL/GO/GCE—glassy carbon electrode modified graphene oxide and ionic liquid, MWCNT/GCE—glassy carbon electrode multi-walled carbon nanotube electrode, BiFE/GCE—glassy carbon electrode modified bismuth film, and GO@Fe3O4@2-CBT/GCE—glassy carbon electrode modified with magnetic graphene oxide modified with benzothiazole-2-carboxaldehyde.