Table 1.
Overview of the most important autoantigens and associated clinical manifestations in APS-1.
| Clinical Manifestation | Autoantigen | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis | IL-22, IL-17 | [60,61] |
| Hypoparathyroidism | NALP5, CaSR | [62,63] |
| Addison’s disease | 21OH | [64,65] |
| Ovarian failure | SSC, 17OH, NALP5 | [66,67] |
| Testicular failure | TSGA1, TGM4, PDILT, MAGEB2, SSC | [68,69,70] |
| Type 1 diabetes | Insulin, IA2 | [71] |
| Autoimmune hepatitis | CYP1A2, AADC, TPH | [72,73,74] |
| Intestinal malabsorption | TPH | [72,74] |
| Vitiligo | SOX-9, SOX-10, AADC | [75,76] |
| Alopecia | TH | [77] |
| Pulmonary disease | KCNRG, BPIFB1 | [78,79] |
| Non-organ specific | IFN-ω, IFN-α2, IL-22, IL-17 | [60,61,80] |
17OH, 17 hydroxylase; 21OH, 21 hydroxylase; AADC, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; BPIFB1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing B1; CYP1A2, Cytochrome P450 1A2; GAD65, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65; IA2, tyrosine phosphatase like protein; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon; KCNRG, potassium channel regulating protein; MAGEB2, melanoma-associated antigen B2; NALP5, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 5; PDILT, protein disulphide isomerase-like, testis expressed; SOX, SRY-related HMG-box; SSC, side-chain cleavage enzyme; TGM4, transglutaminase 4; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; TPH, tryptophan hydroxylase.