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. 2021 Sep 21;22(18):10152. doi: 10.3390/ijms221810152

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Beneficial effects of RES on cardiovascular system. Akt: protein kinase B; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; COX: cyclooxygenase; Drp1: dynamin-related protein 1; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: glutathione; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; ICAM: intracellular cell adhesion molecule; JAK: Janus kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NOX: NADPH oxidases; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PGC-1α: peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; SOD: superoxide dismutase; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins; TGF-β: transforming growth factor; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; VCAM: vascular cell adhesion molecule. References: [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,44,45,46,47,55,56,57,59,60,61,62,64,68,69,70,71,73,74,78,79,84,85,86,87,92,94,97,98,100,101,105].