Table 5.

Fatty acid percentage profiles of faeces in the calf group fed with milk replacer only (CON0 and CON14 group) or supplemented with fermented milk permeate (MP0 and MP14 group).

Fatty Acid		Calf Groups				p
		CON0	CON14	MP0	MP14	CON0 × CON14	MP0 × MP14	CON0 × MP0	CON14 × MP14
C4:0	Butyric	nd	0.051 ± 0.004	Nd	0.064 ± 0.005	0.002	0.002	-	0.129
C6:0	Caproic	nd	0.072 ± 0.006	Nd	nd	0.002	-	-	0.002
C8:0	Caprylic	0.213 ± 0.038	0.047 ± 0.003	0.870 ± 0.080	nd	0.014	0.003	0.001	0.001
C10:0	Capric	2.84 ± 0.19	0.268 ± 0.003	4.06 ± 0.31	0.009 ± 0.001	0.002	0.002	0.003	0.0001
C11:0	Undecylic	0.096 ± 0.021	nd	0.400 ± 0.012	nd	0.016	0.0001	0.0001	-
C12:0	Lauric	2.15 ± 0.22	0.491 ± 0.004	3.00 ± 0.18	0.198 ± 0.08	0.006	0.0001	0.001	0.022
C13:0	Tridecylic	0.114 ± 0.024	nd	0.387 ± 0.024	nd	0.014	0.001	-	-
C14:0	Myristic	14.7 ± 1.1	4.17 ± 0.15	15.1 ± 1.2	2.06 ± 0.18	0.003	0.002	0.02	0.0001
C14:1	Myristoleic	0.045 ± 0.011	0.075 ± 0.006	0.042 ± 0.004	0.003 ± 0.001	0.009	0.002	0.535	0.002
C15:0	Pentadecylic	0.429 ± 0.023	0.150 ± 0.002	0.715 ± 0.021	0.234 ± 0.011	0.002	0.0001	0.0001	0.004
C16:0	Palmitic	16.8 ± 1.5	26.9 ± 2.5	13.09 ± 0.92	18.4 ± 0.1	0.049	0.008	0.008	0.03
C16:1	Palmitoleic	0.23 ± 0.02	0.529 ± 0.021	0.384 ± 0.023	0.529 ± 0.035	0.0001	0.002	0.0001	1
C17:0	Margaric	0.091 ± 0.008	0.158 ± 0.010	0.172 ± 0.009	0.426 ± 0.027	0.0001	0.002	0.0001	0.001
C17:1	Heptadecenoic	0.016 ± 0.003	0.053 ± 0.004	0.021 ± 0.003	0.019 ± 0.002	0.0001	0.074	0.512	0.001
C18:0	Stearic	8.12 ± 0.09	14.5 ± 0.3	6.17 ± 0.35	10.5 ± 0.3	0.0001	0.0001	0.006	0.0001
C18:1 (cis,trans)	Oleic, elaidic	18.2 ± 1.2	29.6 ± 2.6	16.6 ± 0.95	18.3 ± 0.2	0.005	0.059	0.008	0.015
C18:2 cis	Linoleic acid	13.9 ± 1.6	11.0 ± 0.1	12.3 ± 0.62	14.9 ± 0.1	0.079	0.013	0.106	0.004
C18:3 γ	γ-Linolenic	0.167 ± 0.012	nd	0.695 ± 0.032	0.316 ± 0.013	0.002	0.001	0.0001	0.001
C18:3 α	α-Linolenic	16.5 ± 1.4	9.19 ± 0.81	18.7 ± 0.91	22.9 ± 0.2	0.002	0.009	0.016	0.001
C20:0	Arachidic	0.328 ± 0.03	0.043 ± 0.003	0.214 ± 0.017	0.585 ± 0.028	0.003	0.0001	0.004	0.001
C20:1 ω9	Gondoic	2.6 ± 0.2	0.429 ± 0.012	2.17 ± 0.53	6.79 ± 0.24	0.002	0.001	0.153	0.0001
C20:2 ω6	Eicosadienoic	0.226 ± 0.015	1.11 ± 0.09	0.146 ± 0.031	0.913 ± 0.031	0.002	0.0001	0.013	0.029
C20:3 ω6	Dihomo-γ-linolenic (DGLA)	0.047 ± 0.009	nd	0.053 ± 0.004	0.124 ± 0.018	0.012	0.013	0.173	0.007
C20:4 ω6	Arachidonic	0.115 ± 0.010	0.053 ± 0.004	0.071 ± 0.006	0.236 ± 0.014	0.003	0.001	0.003	0.001
C20:3 ω3	Eicosatrienoic	0.203 ± 0.018	nd	0.150 ± 0.014	0.912 ± 0.024	0.003	0.0001	0.002	0.0001
C20:5 ω3	Eicosapentaenoic (EPA)	0.025 ± 0.003	0.011 ± 0.001	nd	nd	0.007	-	0.005	0.003
C22:0	Behenic	0.085 ± 0.009	nd	nd	0.216 ± 0.017	0.004	0.002	0.004	0.002
C22:1 ω9	Erucic	1.44 ± 0.14	1.10 ± 0.08	4.37 ± 0.38	1.30 ± 0.15	0.01	0.002	0.002	0.038
C24:0	Lignoceric	0.228 ± 0.015	nd	0.146 ± 0.021	nd	0.001	0.007	0.002	-
C22:6 ω3	Docosahexaenoic (DHA)	0.037 ± 0.002	nd	nd	nd	0.001	-	0.001	-
Total saturated		46.194	46.85	44.324	32.692	-	-	-	-
Total monounsaturated		22.531	31.786	23.587	26.941	-	-	-	-
Total polyunsaturated		31.22	21.364	32.115	40.301	-	-	-	-

The data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 10/group). 0, baseline measurements; 14, after 14 days of feeding. nd, not detected.