Table 2.
Overall real-world performances of 7 RATs; note that only samples where results of RAT and qPCR differed were cell-culture tested; Ct-threshold for qPCR positivity is 40; values are presented as parameter estimate (95% confidence interval); MDSe/Sp = manufacturer-declared sensitivity/specificity; NPS–nasopharyngeal swab; ANS–anterior nasal swab; NPV/PPV–negative/positive predictive value; N–number of subjects.
| Test | Sample Type | NPS | ANS 1 | ANS 2 | Saliva 1 | Saliva 2 | Saliva 3 | Saliva 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDSe/Sp | >93/100 | >98/>99 | >95/>99 | >95/>98 | >92/>99 | >89/>96 | >98/>99 | |
| N of Patients | 480 | 488 | 406 | 217 | 191 | 407 | 98 | |
| Uncorrected for cell culture | Prevalence | 32.30% | 26.40% | 42.40% | 43.30% | 41.90% | 42.80% | 29.0% |
| (28.1–36.7%) | (22.60–30.60%) | (37.5–47.3%) | (36.6–50.2%) | (34.8–49.2%) | (37.9–47.7%) | (20.0–38.6%) | ||
| Sensitivity | 80.60% | 46.50% | 54.10% | 25.50% | 15.00% | 32.80% | 3.60% | |
| (73.5–86.5%) | (37.70–55.50%) | (46.3–61.7%) | (17.1–35.6%) | (8.0–24.7%) | (25.8–40.3%) | (0.10–18.3%) | ||
| Specificity | 98.50% | 99.40% | 97.40% | 98.40% | 89.20% | 89.30% | 97.10% | |
| (96.4–99.5%) | (98.00–99.90%) | (94.5–99.1%) | (94.2–99.8%) | (81.9–94.3%) | (84.6–92.9%) | (90.1–99.7%) | ||
| PPV | 96.20% | 96.80% | 93.90% | 92.30% | 50.00% | 69.50% | 33.30% | |
| (91.3–98.7%) | (88.80–99.60%) | (87.3–97.7%) | (74.9–99.1%) | (29.1–70.9%) | (58.4–79.2%) | (0.80–90.60%) | ||
| NPV | 91.4% | 83.80% | 74.30% | 63.40% | 59.30% | 64.00% | 71.60% | |
| (88.0–94.1%) | (80.00–87.20%) | (69.0–79.1%) | (56.1–70.2%) | (51.4–66.8%) | (58.5–69.2%) | (61.40–80.40%) | ||
| N of cell culture tested samples (viable virus present/absent) | 35 (11/24) | 69 (37/32) | 78 (28/40) | 72 (42/30) | 66 (39/27) | 141 (81/60) | 27 (16/11) | |
| Corrected for cell culture | Prevalence | 28.50% | 20.30% | 34.00% | 30.40% | 33.00% | 34.20% | 19.0% |
| (24.5–32.8%) | (16.80–24.10%) | (29.4–38.8%) | (24.4–37.0%) | (26.4–40.1%) | (29.6–39.0%) | (12.0–28.6%) | ||
| Sensitivity | 91.20% | 60.60% | 67.40% | 36.40% | 19.00% | 41.00% | 5.30% | |
| (85.2–95.4%) | (50.30–70.30%) | (58.9–75.1%) | (24.9–49.1%) | (10.2–30.9%) | (32.7–49.7%) | (0.1–26.0%) | ||
| Specificity | 98.50% | 99.50% | 97.80% | 98.70% | 90.60% | 90.70% | 97.50% | |
| (96.6–99.5%) | (98.20–99.90%) | (95.2–99.2%) | (95.3–99.8%) | (84.2–95.1%) | (86.5–93.9%) | (91.2–99.7%) | ||
| PPV | 96.20% | 96.80% | 93.90% | 92.30% | 50.00% | 69.50% | 33.30% | |
| (91.3–98.7%) | (88.80–99.60%) | (87.3–97.7%) | (74.9–99.1%) | (29.1–70.9%) | (58.4–79.2%) | (0.8–90.6%) | ||
| NPV | 96.60% | 90.80% | 85.30% | 78.00% | 69.50% | 74.80% | 81.1% | |
| (94.1–98.2%) | (87.70–93.40%) | (80.9–89.1%) | (71.5–83.7%) | (61.9–76.3%) | (69.7–79.4%) | (71.7–88.4%) | ||