Table 4.
Comparison of the test parameters presented separately for symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals both before and after correction on virus culture. Test parameters are presented as estimates with confidence intervals in brackets and italics. NPS–nasopharyngeal swab; ANS–anterior nasal swab; NPV/PPV–negative/positive predictive value; N–number of subjects.
| Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test (Sample Type) | N | Prevalence | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | N | Prevalence | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | |
| NPS | PCR | 237 | 49.0 (42.4–55.5) |
84.5
(76.6–90.5) |
99.2 (95.5–100) |
99.0 (94.5–100) |
87.0 (80.2–92.1) |
227 | 15.0 (10.6–20.3) |
64.7
(46.5–80.3) |
97.9 (94.8–99.4) |
84.6 (65.1–95.6) |
94 (89.8–96.9) |
| PCR+viab. | 44.3 (37.9–50.9) |
93.3
(86.7–97.3) |
99.2 (95.9–100) |
99.0 (94.5–100) |
94.9 (89.8–97.9) |
11.9 (8.0–16.8) |
81.5
(61.9–93.7) |
98.0 (95.0–99.5) |
84.6 (65.1–95.6) |
97.5 (94.3–99.2) |
|||
| ANS 1 | PCR | 194 | 48.5 (41.2–55.7) |
52.1
(41.6–62.5) |
99.0 (94.6–100) |
98.0 (89.4–100) |
68.8 (60.5–76.2) |
288 | 11.5 (8–15.7) |
30.3
(15.6–48.7) |
99.6 (97.8–100) |
90.9 (58.7–99.8) |
91.7 (87.8–94.7) |
| PCR+viab. | 37.6 (30.8–44.9) |
67.1
(55.1–77.7) |
99.2 (95.5–100) |
98.0 (89.4–99.9) |
83.3 (76.2–89.0) |
8.3 (5.4–12.1) |
41.7
(22.1–63.4) |
99.6 (97.9–1) |
90.9 (58.7–99.8) |
94.9 (91.7–97.2) |
|||
| ANS 2 | PCR | 243 | 60.5 (54–66.7) |
56.5
(48.1–64.6) |
96.9 (91.1–99.4) |
96.5 (90.1–99.3) |
59.2 (51.1–67) |
158 | 14.6 (9.5–21.0) |
43.5
(23.2–65.5) |
97.8 (93.6–99.5) |
76.9 (46.2–95) |
91 (85.2–95.1) |
| PCR+viab. | 50.6 (44.2–57.1) |
67.5
(58.4–75.6) |
97.5 (92.9–99.5) |
96.5 (90.1–99.3) |
74.5 (67.0–81.1) |
9.5 (5.4–15.2) |
66.7
(38.4–88.2) |
97.9 (94.0–99.6) |
76.9 (46.2–95.0) |
96.6 (92.1–98.9) |
|||
| Saliva 1 | PCR | 127 | 55.1 (46.0–64.0) |
27.1
(17.2–39.1) |
96.5 (87.9–99.6) |
90.5 (69.6–98.8) |
51.9 (42–61.7) |
86 | 25.0 (16.2–35.6) |
23.8
(8.2–47.2) |
100 (94.3–100) |
100 (47.8–100) |
79.8 (69.2–88) |
| PCR+viab. | 38.6 (30.1–47.6) |
38.8
(25.2–53.8) |
97.4 (91.0–99.7) |
90.5 (69.6–98.8) |
71.7 (62.1–80.0) |
16.7 (9.4–26.4) |
35.7
(12.8–64.9) |
100 (94.9–100) |
100 (47.8–100) |
88.6 (79.5–94.7) |
|||
| Saliva 2 | PCR | 116 | 60.3 (50.8–69.3) |
15.7
(8.1–26.4) |
84.8 (71.1–93.7) |
61.1 (35.8–82.7) |
39.8 (30–50.2) |
75 | 13.3 (6.6–23.2) |
10.0
(0.3–44.5) |
92.3 (83–97.5) |
16.7 (0.4–64.1) |
87 (76.7–93.9) |
| PCR+viab. | 49.1 (39.7–58.6) |
19.3
(10.0–31.9) |
88.1 (77.1–95.1) |
61.1 (35.7–82.7) |
53.1 (42.7–63.2) |
8.0 (3.0–16.6) |
16.7
(0.4–64.1) |
92.8 (83.9–97.6) |
16.7 (0.4–64.1) |
92.8 (83.9–97.6) |
|||
| Saliva 3 | PCR | 219 | 60.7 (53.9–67.2) |
36.1
(28–44.9) |
93.0 (85.4–97.4) |
88.9 (77.4–95.8) |
48.5 (40.6–56.4) |
182 | 20.3 (14.7–26.9) |
21.6
(9.8–38.2) |
87.6 (81.1–92.5) |
30.8 (14.3–51.8) |
81.4 (74.4–87.2) |
| PCR+viab. | 50.7 (43.9–57.5) |
43.2
(33.9–53.0) |
94.4 (88.3–97.9) |
88.9 (77.4–95.8) |
61.8 (53.9–69.3) |
13.2 (8.6–19.0) |
33.3
(15.6–55.3) |
88.6 (82.6–93.1) |
30.8 (14.3–51.8) |
89.7 (83.9–94.0) |
|||
| Saliva 4 | PCR | 37 | 46.0 (29.5–63.1) |
5.9
(0.2–28.7) |
100 (83.2–100) |
100 (2.5–100) |
55.6 (38.1–72.1) |
57 | 17.5 (8.8–29.9) |
0
(0–30.9) |
95.7 (85.5–99.5) |
0 (0–84.2) |
81.8 (69.1–90.9) |
| PCR+viab. | 32.0 (18.0–49.8) |
8.3
(0.2–38.5) |
100 (86.3–100) |
100 (2.5–100) |
69.4 (51.9–83.7) |
11.0 (4.0–21.5) |
0.0
(0.0–45.9) |
96.1 (86.5–99.5) |
0.0 (0.0–84.2) |
89.1 (77.8–95.9) |
|||