Table 3.
Summary of representative performances for MOF-based membranes in H2-based separation.
| Membrane | Separation Performance | Ref. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filler | Polymer/Support | Test Condition |
Permeation Area (cm2) | P(H2) (GPU) |
Selectivity | |||
| H2/CO2 | H2/CH4 | H2/N2 | ||||||
| CAU-1-NH2 (15 wt%) | PMMA | 3 bar, 25 °C | 0.02 | 11,000 a (+122%) |
13 (+333%) |
- | - | [84] |
| CBMN (2 wt%) | 6FDA-Durene-DABA | 3 bar, 25 °C | - | 410 a (−24%) |
1.2 (−14%) |
29 (+45%) |
42 (+83%) |
[113] |
| [Cu2(ndc)2(dabco)]n ns (30 wt%) |
PBI | 2 bar, 35 °C | - | 12.1 a (+236%) |
11 (+21%) |
- | - | [104] |
| MIL-53(Al)-NH2 (20 wt%) | PI-1388 (VTECTM) | 5 bar, 35 °C | 16 | 5.4 a (+8%) |
5.4 (+8%) |
- | - | [86] |
| NH2-CAU-1 (20 wt%) |
PMMA with ceramic |
2 bar | - | 92 (+475%) |
33 (+400%) |
- | - | [87] |
| NH2-MIL-53 (20 wt%) |
PMMA with ceramic |
2 bar | - | 72 (+350%) |
45 (+582%) |
- | - | [87] |
| nZIF-7 | PEI | 2 bar, 35 °C | - | 1.1 (−45%) |
3.2 (−68%) |
42 (+324%) |
54 (+38%) |
[95] |
| PSM-nZIF-7 | PEI | 2 bar, 35 °C | - | 8.6 (+330%) |
9.9 (−1%) |
23 (+132%) |
13 (−67%) |
[95] |
| UiO-66 (3 wt%) | PAA/PVP | - | - | 1.2 (−56%) |
20.3 (+62%) |
- | - | [98] |
| UiO-66-NH2
(55 wt%) |
6FDA-DAM:DABA (3:2) | 3 bar, 35 °C | - | 2932 a (+1529%) |
1.2 (+20%) |
34 (+3%) |
24 (+4%) |
[89] |
| UiO-66-NH2
(40 wt%) |
6FDA-DAM | 3 bar, 35 °C | - | 1810 a (+165%) |
0.7 (−13%) |
10 (−29%) |
10 (−23%) |
[89] |
| UiO-66-NH2
(40 wt%) |
6FDA-BPDA-DAM (1:1) | 3 bar, 35 °C | - | 1086 a (+198%) |
0.8 (+14%) |
12 (+14%) |
13 (+13%) |
[89] |
| UiO-66-NH2
(18 wt%) |
PVP/PEI | 1 bar, 25 °C | - | 31 a (+244%) |
0.08 (−81%) |
- | - | [88] |
| UiO-66(Hf)-(OH)2 (10 wt%) | PBI | 2 bar, 35 °C | - | 8.2 a (+128%) |
12 (+33%) |
- | - | [82] |
| Oriented & Penetrating ZIF-7 | PI | 2 bar, 100 °C | - | 889 (+1357%) b |
92 (+889%) b |
- | 128 (+1424%) b |
[85] |
| ZIF-7-I | 6FDA-DAM with α-alumina | - | - | 921 a (+56%) |
2 (+100%) |
67 (+68%) |
36 (+16%) |
[99] |
| ZIF-7-III | 6FDA-DAM with α-alumina | - | - | 322 a (−45%) |
4 (+300%) |
172 (+330%) |
59 (+90%) |
[99] |
| ZIF-7-mix | 6FDA-DAM with α-alumina | - | - | 478 a (−45%) |
4 (+300%) |
86 (+115%) |
32 (+3%) |
[99] |
| ZIF-8 (5 wt%) | PSF | 4 bar, 30 °C | - | 53 a (+43%) |
2.3 (+5%) |
57 (+24%) |
58 (+21%) |
[100] |
| ZIF-8 (20 wt%) | 6FDA-Durene | 1 bar, 35 °C | - | 1525 a (+80%) |
1 (+11%) |
16 (+11%) |
14 (+18%) |
[102] |
| ZIF-8-PD (20 wt%) |
6FDA-Durene | 1 bar, 35 °C | - | 1320 a (+56%) |
1 (+11%) |
16 (+11%) |
17 (0%) |
[102] |
| ZIF-8 (40 wt%) | Matrimid® 5218 | 3.5 bar, 35 °C | - | 400 a (+1329%) |
4 (+33%) |
50 (−52%) |
44 (−50%) |
[103] |
| ZIF-8-DA (40 wt%) |
Matrimid® 5218 | 3.5 bar, 35 °C | - | 65 a (+132%) |
4 (+33%) |
108 (+4%) |
130 (+48%) |
[103] |
| ZIF-8 (20 wt%) | TR polymers (90% conversion) | 1 bar, 35 °C | 3.14 | 1206 a (+189%) |
1.3 (+30%) |
28 (+22%) |
21 (0%) |
[97] |
| ZIF-93 (20 wt%) | PBI | 3 bar, 180 °C | 3.14 | 128 a (+184%) |
5 (+25%) |
- | - | [96] |
| ZIF-L (20 wt%) | PI | 1 bar | - | 260 a (+18%) |
13 (+550%) |
62 (−11%) |
41 (+3%) |
[111] |
| ZIF-L-Co (20 wt%) |
TB | 2 bar, 24 °C | - | 1236 a (+312%) |
2 (0%) |
26 (+48%) |
25 (−49%) |
[112] |
| ZIF-L-Zn (20 wt%) |
TB | 2 bar, 24 °C | - | 898 a (+199%) |
2 (0%) |
25 (+50%) |
23 (−53%) |
[112] |
a Permeability reported in the units of barrer; b percentage enhancement calculated with respect to the conventional unoriented MMM. Numbers in the parentheses represent the percentage enhancements with respect to the pristine polymeric membranes; 6FDA, 4,4′(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride; CBMN, co-benzenedicarboxylate MOF nanosheet; DAM, 2,4,6-triphenyl-m-phenylenediamine; DABA, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid; ndc, 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate; dabco, 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane; ns, nanosheets; PAA, poly(acrylic acid); PBI, polybenzimidazole; PD, polydopamine; PEI, polyethyleneimine; PI, polyimide; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate); PPO, poly(phenylene oxide); PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone; TB, Troger’s base; TPIM, phenazine-containing triptycene ladder polymers; TR, thermally rearranged.