Table 2.
Sleep Quality among University Students as Assessed by the PSQI-V (N = 369).
| n | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep quality (PSQI-V) | 5.7 ± 2.8 (0–16) | |
| Good sleep (PSQI-V ≤ 5) | 189 | 51.2 |
| Poor sleep (PSQI-V > 5) | 180 | 48.8 |
| Subjective sleep quality | ||
| Very good | 61 | 16.5 |
| Fairly good | 239 | 64.8 |
| Fairly bad | 67 | 18.2 |
| Very bad | 2 | 0.5 |
| Sleep latency | ||
| <15 min | 215 | 58.3 |
| 16–30 min | 95 | 25.7 |
| 31–60 min | 36 | 9.8 |
| >60 min | 23 | 6.2 |
| Sleep disturbance a | ||
| Unable to fall asleep within 30 min | 65 | 17.6 |
| Waking up in the middle of the night or early in the morning | 35 | 9.5 |
| Having to get up to use the bathroom | 27 | 7.3 |
| Unable to breath comfortably | 10 | 2.7 |
| Coughing or snore loudly | 14 | 3.8 |
| Feeling too cold | 28 | 7.6 |
| Feeling too hot | 18 | 4.9 |
| Having bad dreams | 17 | 4.6 |
| Experiencing pain | 13 | 3.5 |
| Other reasons | 19 | 5.1 |
| Sleep duration | 6.4 ± 1.1 (311) hrs | |
| >= 7 h | 161 | 43.6 |
| 6–6.9 h | 137 | 37.1 |
| 5–5.9 h | 56 | 15.2 |
| 4–4.9 h | 15 | 4.1 |
| Habitual sleep efficiency (SE) b | ||
| >85% | 241 | 65.3 |
| 75~84% | 77 | 20.9 |
| 65~74% | 43 | 11.7 |
| <65% | 8 | 2.2 |
| Use of sleeping aid medication | ||
| None during the past month | 363 | 98.4 |
| <once/week | 4 | 1.1 |
| 1–2 times/week | 2 | 0.5 |
| >= 3 times/week | 0 | 0 |
| Daytime dysfunction | ||
| Trouble staying awake while driving, eating meals, and/or engaging in social activity | ||
| Not during the past month | 209 | 56.6 |
| <once/week | 86 | 23.3 |
| 1–2 times/week | 58 | 15.7 |
| >= 3 times/week | 16 | 4.3 |
| Trouble with enthusiasm to get things done | ||
| No problem | 76 | 20.6 |
| Slight problem | 208 | 56.4 |
| Somewhat problematic | 79 | 21.4 |
| Very problematic | 6 | 1.6 |
| Going to sleep after midnight | 247 | 66.9 |
a At least three times per week for one month. b SE = (total hours asleep)/(total hours in bed)*100.