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Positive and negative modulators used in algorithms to assess the iron and zinc bioavailability in individual diets.
| Nutrient | Algorithm to Estimate the Absorption Rate | Positive Modulators | Negative Modulators |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | [44] | Vitamin C (mg/day), Total meat and fish (g/day) | Serum ferritin (μg/L); Number of cups of black tea equivalents; Phytate (mg/day); Calcium (mg/day); Nonheme iron (mg/day) |
| Zinc | [53] | Total dietary zinc (mmol/day) | Phytates (mmol/day) |
