Table 1.
Some recent examples of anticancer liposomal drug delivery systems and their targeting mechanisms.
| Active Ingredient/s | Trade/Brand Name | Liposome Composition |
Active/Passive Targeting | Route of Administration | Indication | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hwtp53 DNA | SGT-53 | DOTAP/DOPE | Active (Anti-Transferrin scFv) | IV, in vivo, clinical |
Solid tumors | [13,14,15] |
| Docetaxel prodrug | MM-310 | Egg derived sphingomyelin/ CH |
Active (Anti-Ephrin receptor A2) | IV, in vivo, clinical |
Solid tumors | [16,17,18,19] |
| DOX | C225-ILs-dox | DSPC/CH/mPEG-DSPE | Active (Anti-EGFR Fab fragment from mAb C225 (cetuximab)) | IV, in vivo, clinical |
Glioblastoma | [15,19,20,21] |
| DOX | MM-302 | HSPC/CH/DSPE-PEG | Active (Anti-HER2 antibody) | IV, in vivo, clinical |
Breast cancer | [22,23] |
| Melanoma antigens + interferon-gamma | Lipovaxin-MM | POPC/Ni-3NTA-DTDA | Active (Single domain antibody (dAb) fragment (VH)) | IV, in vivo, clinical |
Malignant melanoma | [15,24] |
| RB94 plasmid DNA | SGT-94 | DOTAP/DOPE | Active (Anti-Transferrin Antibody fragment (scFv)) | IV, in vivo, clinical |
Solid tumor | [15,25,26,27] |
| DOX | 2B3-101 | HSPC/CH/DSPE-PEG | Active (Glutathione ligand) | IV, in vivo, clinical |
Active brain metastasis, meningeal carcinomatosis | [18,28,29] |
| Tetrandrine + vincristine | - | EPC/CH/DSPE-PEG 2000 | Active (Transferrin ligand) | IV, in vivo in mice | Brain glioma | [19,30] |
| Bleomycin | - | DOPE/CH | Active (Folic acid ligand) | In vitro | Cervical and breast cancer cell lines | [19,31] |
| DOX | - | DOPE/DOPC/Lecithin | Active (Glycoprotein ligand) | IV, in vivo in mice | Mouse melanoma cells | [32] |
| ATRA | - | DPPC/CH/DSPE-mPEG2000 | Passive | In vitro | Human thyroid carcinoma cell lines | [33] |
| ATRA | - | DOTAP/CH | Passive | In vivo in mice, IV | Lung cancer | [34] |
| Daunorubicin + Cytarabine |
VYXEOS | DSPG/DSPC/CH | Passive | IV, in vivo, FDA approved | Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) | [15,35,36,37] |
| Paclitaxel | LEP-ETU | DOPC/CH/cardiolipin | Passive | IV, in vivo, FDA approved | Ovarian cancer | [38,39] |
| Vincristine | - | Sphingomyelin/CH | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical |
Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) | [40,41,42] |
| Verteporfin | Visudyne | DMPC/EPG | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | EGFR-mutated glioblastoma | [43,44,45] |
| DOX | ThermoDox | DPPC/MSPC/PEG 2000-DSPE | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | [46,47] |
| Paclitaxel | EndoTAG-1 | DOTAP/DOPC | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Pancreatic cancer |
[38,48] |
| miR-34a | - | DOTAP/CH | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Advanced solid tumors | [40,49,50,51] |
| Irinotecan | ONIVYDE | DSPC/DSPE/CH/mPEG-2000 | Passive | IV, in vivo, FDA approved | Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas | [52,53] |
| Mitomycin-C prodrug | Promitil | HSPC/CH/DSPE-PEG | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Solid tumors | [54,55,56] |
| TUSC2/FUS1 | REQORSA | DOTAP/CH | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Non-Small cell lung cancer | [57,58] |
| Eribulin mesylate | E7389-LF | HSPC/CH/PEG 2000-DSPE | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Solid tumors | [15,59,60] |
| Navelbine | - | DSPC/CH/PEG -DSPE | Passive | In vivo in mice | Colorectal cancer cells | [61] |
| Curcumin | Lipocurc | DMPG/DMPC | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Metastatic tumors | [62,63,64] |
| Paclitaxel | PTX–LDE | Cholesteryl oleate/Egg-PC/Miglyol 812/CH | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Ovarian carcinoma | [65,66,67] |
| PKN3 siRNA | Atu027 | AtuFECT01/DPhyPE/DSPE-PEG-2000 | Passive | IV, in vivo, clinical | Pancreatic cancer | [25] |
Abbreviation: Hwtp53, human wild type p53; DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid; DOTAP, 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane; DOPE, Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine; scFv, single-chain variable fragment; IV, Intravenous; CH, Cholesterol; DOX, Doxorubicin; DSPC, Distearoyl phosphatidylcholine; DSPE, Distearoyl phosphoethanolamine; mPEG, methoxy Polyethylene Glycol; EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor; mAb, Monoclonal antibody; HSPC, Hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine; PEG, Polyethylene Glycol; HER 2, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; POPC, palmitoyloleoyl phosphocholine; Ni-3NTA-DTDA, nitrilotriacetic acid ditetradecylamine, nickel salt; dAb, Single domain antibody; VH, variable heavy chain; DOPC, Dioleoyl phosphocholine; ATRA, all-trans-retinoic acid; DPPC, Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine; DSPG, Distearoyl phosphoglycerol; DMPC, Dimyristoyl phosphocholine; EPC, egg phosphatidylglycerol; MSPC, Myristoyl-palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine; DMPG, Dimyristoyl phosphorylglycerol; Egg-PC, Egg phosphatidylcholine; PKN3, Protein Kinase N3; AtuFECT01, β-L-arginyl-2,3-L-diaminopropionic acid-N-palmityl-N-oleyl-amide trihydrochloride; DPhyPE, Diphytanoyl phosphoethanolamine.