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. 2021 Sep 17;11(9):1373. doi: 10.3390/biom11091373

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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C8 could enhance the anti-tumor effects of the combination of 3-OBA and metformin in vivo. (A) Tumor volumes after different treatments. In the combination treatment of 75 mg/kg 3-OBA, 200 mg/kg metformin, and 2 mg/kg C8, tumors of two mice regressed (n = 6). (B) Body weights. (C) Serum lactate in mice. The effects of the combination of 3-OBA, metformin, and C8 on (D) PD-1 expression of CD8⁺ T cells, (E) intra-tumoral CD8⁺ T cell proportions, (F) the ratio of IFN-γ⁺ CD8⁺ T cells in tumors, (G) and in the draining lymph nodes. (n = 3) * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.