Table 4.

Risk of hyperkalemia.

Authors	Year	Study Design	Type of MRA	Patient Category	Risk of Hyperkalemia
Alexandrou et al. [12]	2019	meta-analysis	spironolactone, eplerenone	9 study groups: patients with diabetic nephropathy 3 study groups: patients with nondiabetic proteinuric CKD 2 study groups: patients with resistant hypertension and diabetes mellitus 1 study group: patients with hypertension and albuminuria	no significant risk
Currie et al. [33]	2016	meta-analysis	spironolactone, eplerenone	patients with CKD stages 1–5 not requiring renal replacement therapy, with albuminuria or proteinuria	no significant risk
Lin et al. [38]	2015	randomized and placebo-controlled study	spironolactone	patients with ESRD undergoing stable hemodialysis from outpatient dialysis units or peritoneal dialysis	no significant risk
Feniman-De-Stefano et al. [39]	2015	double blind parallel RCT	spironolactone	patients on hemodialysis who presented with LVMI >51 g/m	no significant risk
Walsh et al. [45]	2015	parallel RCT	eplerenone	patients on hemodialysis	no significant risk
Itoh et al. [46]	2019	multicenter, single-arm, open-label	esaxerenone	hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria	increased risk in patients with moderate renal impairment and type 2 diabetes and albuminuria

RCT, Randomized controlled trial.