Table 2.
The table from the first screening (exploratory) and derived tests (confirmatory) are reporting the Log of N. ceranae units (NcU) per honey bee gut obtained at 9 days post inoculation with spores for every treatment with dietary ingredients and the relative Standard Deviation. [CTR] = control [***] p < 0.01.
| Reference Figure | Log NcU ± St.Dev in [CTR] | Experimental Conditions | Log NcU ± St.Dev | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORGANIC ACIDS | ||||
| First Test | ||||
| 2A | 7.69 ± 0.24 | Acetic Acid_Low [AA_L] | 7.57 ± 0.19 | |
| Abscissic acid [ABA] | 7.55 ± 0.21 | |||
| Para-coumaric acid [pCA] | 7.69 ± 0.29 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.86 ± 0.29 | *** | ||
| Derived Test | ||||
| 2B | 6.64 ± 0.30 | Acetic Acid_Low [AA_L] | 5.90 ± 1.20 | |
| Abscissic acid [ABA] | 6.86 ± 0.28 | |||
| Para-coumaric acid [pCA] | 4.23 ± 0.26 | *** | ||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.11 ± 0.32 | *** | ||
| 2C | 7.08 ± 1.40 | Acetic Acid_High [AA_H] | 4.39 ± 1.20 | *** |
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.27 ± 0.91 | *** | ||
| 2D | 7.36 ± 0.18 | Acetic Acid_High [AA_H] | 7.15 ± 0.07 | |
| Para-coumaric acid [pCA] | 7.36 ± 0.36 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.72 ± 0.47 | *** | ||
| Saccharomyces AND ANTIBIOTICS | ||||
| First Test | ||||
| 2E | 7.42 ± 0.24 | Saccharomyces sp. strain KIA1 [SC] | 7.13 ± 0.65 | *** |
| mix, Low concentration [GRA_L] | 7.78 ± 0.25 | |||
| Nisin A, Low concentration [NisA_L] | 7.53 ± 0.27 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.86 ± 0.29 | |||
| Derived Test | ||||
| 2F | 7.42 ± 0.24 | Gramicidin mix, High concentration [GRA_H] | 7.65 ± 0.85 | |
| Nisin A, High concentration [NisA_H] | 6.45 ± 1.48 | *** | ||
| Nisin A, Low concentration [NisA_L] | 7.18 ± 0.99 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.51 ± 0.58 | *** | ||
| 2G | 6.64 ± 0.28 | mix, High concentration [GRA_H] | 6.67 ± 0.14 | |
| mix, Low concentration [GRA_L] | 6.57 ± 0.30 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH_A] | 4.11 ± 0.32 | *** | ||
| 2H | 7.36 ± 0.18 | Saccharomyces sp. strain KIA1 [SC] | 7.35 ± 0.09 | |
| Nisin A, High concentration [NisA_H] | 6.99 ± 0.59 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.72 ± 0.47 | *** | ||
| WINE DERIVATES | ||||
| First Test | ||||
| 3A | 7.69 ± 0.24 | Ethanol [EtOH] | 7.78 ± 0.99 | |
| Sulphites [SPH] | 7.68 ± 0.40 | |||
| Wine vinegar [WA] | 7.99 ± 0.24 | *** | ||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.86 ± 0.29 | *** | ||
| Derived Test | ||||
| 3B | 6.64 ± 0.31 | Ethanol [EtOH] | 6.83 ± 0.18 | |
| Sulphites [SPH] | 6.69 ± 0.16 | |||
| Wine vinegar [WA] | 6.67 ± 0.24 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.11 ± 0.32 | *** | ||
| PLANT EXTRACTS | ||||
| First Test | ||||
| 3C | 7.97 ± 0.24 | Opuntia ficus-indica extract [OPT] | 7.92 ± 0.43 | |
| Padina pavonica extract [PP] | 8.20 ± 0.32 | |||
| Manuka and tea oil [MT] | 7.12 ± 1.06 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 5.82 ± 0.20 | *** | ||
| Derived Test | ||||
| 3D | 7.36 ± 0.18 | Opuntia ficus-indica extract [OPT] | - | |
| Padina pavonica extract [PP] | - | |||
| Manuka and tea oil [MT] | 7.28 ± 0.11 | |||
| Fumagillin [DCH] | 4.72 ± 0.47 | *** | ||