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. 2021 Sep 21;18(18):9931. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189931

Table 2.

Quality assessment according to the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.

Study Type Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Quality
Pediatric CHD (n = 15)
Barbour-Tuck et al., 2020 [20] CSS CD - - - - - - - NA Fair
Powell et al., 2020 [35] CSS - - - - - NA Good
Yang et al., 2020 [41] CSS - - - - - - NA Fair
Perin et al., 2019 [33] CSS - - - - - - NA Fair
Steele et al., 2019 [39] CSS - - - - NA Good
O’Byrne et al., 2018 [32] CSS - - - - - NA Fair
Briston et al., 2017 [21] CSS CD - - - - - NA Good
Aguilar et al., 2015 [17] CSS - - - - NA Good
Tamayo et al., 2015 [44] CS CD - - NA Good
Wellniz et al., 2015 [10] CS - - - - NR Fair
Barbiero et al., 2014 [19] CSS CD - - - - - NA Fair
Smith-Parrish et al., 2014 [38] CSS - - - - NA Good
Welisch et al., 2013 [40] CSS - - - NA - NA Good
Chen et al., 2012 [23] CSS - - - - - NA Good
Ray et al., 2011 [36] CSS - - - - - NA Fair
Pediatric & ACHD (n = 6)
Jackson et al., 2020 [27] CSS - CD - - - - NA - NA Fair
Jackson et al., 2019 [28] CSS - - - - - NA Good
Weinreb et al., 2019 [45] CS - - NA Good
Harris et al., 2018 [26] CSS CD - - - NA - NA - Poor
Chung et al., 2016 [24] CSS CD - - - - NA Good
Avitabile et al., 2014 [18] CSS CD - - - - - NA Fair
ACHD (n = 9)
Fedchenko et al., 2019 [25] CSS - - - - - - - NA - Poor
Malavazoz et al., 2019 [31] CSS CD - - - NA - NA Good
Zaqout et al., 2019 [42] CSS - - - - - - NA - Poor
Lerman et al., 2017 [29] CSS - - - NA - NA Good
Lui et al., 2017 [8] CSS - - - - - NA - Poor
Deen et al., 2016 [43] CS - - NA NA - NA Good
Sandberg et al., 2015 [37] CSS - - - NA - NA - Poor
Buys et al., 2013 [22] CSS - - - NA NA - - Poor
Pike et al., 2012 [34] CSS CD - - - - - NA Good

ACHD: adults with congenital heart disease, CD: cannot determine, CHD: congenital heart disease, CS: cohort study, CSS: cross-sectional study, NA: not applicable, NR: not reported, ✔ denotes “Yes”, - denotes “No”.