Table 1.

Examples of various synthesis routes for the preparation of BP nanomaterials.

Classification of BP Nanomaterials	Synthesis Routes	Properties of the Prepared BP Nanomaterials	Ref.
BPNSs	Tape exfoliation method	The thickness is about 3 nm, and the lateral size is more than 50 μm	[46]
	Wet ball milling exfoliation method	The lateral size is between 1 and 5 μm, and the flakes are generally 3–5 layers	[47]
	Ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method	The thickness ranges from 2.06 to 9.4 nm with single or few layers	[33,48,49]
	Electrochemical exfoliation method	The lateral size ranges from 0.5 to 30 μm, and the thickness is from 1.4 to 10 nm with single or few layers	[50,51,52]
	Chemical vapor deposition method	Commonly with 4 layers’ nanoflakes	[53]
	Plus-laser deposition method	With the thickness from 2 to 8 nm	[54]
	Solvothermal method	The lateral size is between 0.8 and 2.0 μm, and the thickness is of about 4.7 nm with approximately 9 layers’ flakes	[55]
	Hydrothermal method	The lateral size is of approximately 5 μm, and the thickness is of around 3 nm with 1–2 layers’ flakes	[56]
BPQDs	Ultrasonic exfoliation method	The average size is about 2.5 nm, and the average height is around 1.4 nm	[31,57]
	Solvothermal method	The average size is about 2.1 nm, and the average height is around 3 nm	[58,59]
	Pulsed laser ablation method	The average size is about 6 nm, and the approximate average height is 1.1 nm	[60]
	Blender breaking method	The average size is about 2.2 nm, and the average height is between 0.58 and 1.45 nm	[61]