Table 2.
The fifteen metabolites significantly associated with baseline log-transformed PRA in PEAR-2 European Americans.
| Metabolite Name | Classification | Pathway | HMBD | Estimate ± SE | p-Value | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sphinganine-1-phosphate | Lipid | Sphingolipid Metabolism | HMDB01383 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 4.45 × 10−5 | 0.01 |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/20:1, d18:2/20:0) | Lipid | Sphingolipid Metabolism | unknown | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.00012 | 0.026 |
| Sphingosine-1-phosphate | Lipid | Sphingolipid Metabolism | HMDB00277 | 0.24 ± 0.06 | 0.0002 | 0.033 |
| Sphinganine | Lipid | Sphingolipid Metabolism | HMDB00269 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.0007 | 0.042 |
| Caprate (10:0) | Lipid | Medium Chain Fatty Acid | HMDB00511 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.0005 | 0.042 |
| N-acetylglutamate | Amino Acid | Glutamate Metabolism | HMDB01138 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.00018 | 0.03 |
| Beta-hydroxyisovalerate | Amino Acid | Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism | HMDB00754 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 0.0007 | 0.042 |
| Threonine | Amino Acid | Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism | HMDB00167 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.0008 | 0.045 |
| Fumarate | Energy Metabolite | TCA Cycle | HMDB00134 | 0.22 ± 0.06 | 0.0007 | 0.042 |
| 3-Hydroxybutyroylglycine | Lipid | Fatty Acid Metabolism | NA | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 1.57 × 10−5 | 0.007 |
| 3-Hydroxystachydrine | Unknown | Unknown | NA | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.0006 | 0.042 |
| 1-Methyl-5-imidazoleacetate | Unknown | Unknown | NA | −0.94 ± 0.27 | 0.0006 | 0.042 |
| Glucuronide of C10H18O2 (7) | Unknown | Unknown | NA | −0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.0007 | 0.042 |
| X–12726 | Unknown | Unknown | NA | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 1.45 × 10−5 | 0.007 |
| X–12818 | Unknown | Unknown | NA | −0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.0003 | 0.042 |
p-values were produced using linear regression analysis of each metabolite with the baseline log-transformed plasma renin activity (PRA) in PEAR 2 European Americans, with adjustment of age, sex and baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP). False discovery rate (FDR) with a significant threshold of less than 0.05 was used to account for multiple comparisons. Abbreviations: PRA, plasma renin activity; PEAR, Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses; SE, standard error; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle; HMDB, Human Metabolome Database; FDR, false discovery rate; NA, not applicable.