Table 4.
Validated metabolites and replicated metabolites with nominal associations with BP responses in the expected direction in PEAR studies.
| Metabolite | Metoprolol SBP Response | Metoprolol DBP Response | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate ± SE | p-Value | Estimate ± SE | p-Value | |
| Caprate | −1.7 ± 0.6 | 0.006 | −0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.05 |
| HCTZ SBP response | HCTZ DBP response | |||
| Estimate ± SE | p-value | Estimate ± SE | p-value | |
| Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 7.6 ± 2.8 | 0.007 | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 0.018 |
| 1-Palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:1) * | 4.1 ± 2.0 | 0.038 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 0.3 |
These results were generated using linear regression models of each metabolite with the SBP and DBP responses to metoprolol, atenolol and HCTZ in PEAR-2 and PEAR European Americans, with adjustment for age, sex and baseline SBP/DBP. Caprate and sphingosine-1-phosphate were considered validated (p < 0.0125), while 1-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:1) * was nominally validated (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; PEAR, Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide.