Skip to main content
. 2021 Aug 24;57(9):862. doi: 10.3390/medicina57090862

Figure 2.

Figure 2

HPV infection and HPV + CT coinfection have a significant negative impact on male fertility. Pathogens induce a high proinflammatory state and oxidative stress, particularly an increase in IL-1β in HPV + CT coinfection. CT infection causes oxidative stress characterized by increased lipid peroxidation, decreased TAC levels, and increased seminal pH.