Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population, summary of the referring centers, and overview of the diagnostic status and outcome. Percentages are related to the total number of cases in the respective column.
| Characteristic of the Study Population | All Cases | PCD Cases | Non-PCD Cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (Standard deviation), years | 12.9 (18.0) | 29.2 (26.4) | 9.1 (12.8) |
| Median age (range), years | 5.6 (0.04–68.9) | 16.9 (1.4–68.9) | 4.8 (0.04–61.7) |
| Sex (female/male), n | 44/56 | 8/91 | 36/44 1 |
| Age category 2 (children/adults), n | 83/17 | 11/6 | 70/10 |
| Referring centers, n (%) | all cases | PCD cases | non-PCD cases |
| Inselspital, Bern University Hospital (pediatrics) | 54 (54%) | 7 (41%) | 45 (56%) |
| Inselspital, Bern University Hospital (adults) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) |
| Cantonal Hospital Graubünden (pediatrics) | 23 (23%) | 3 (18%) | 20 (25%) |
| Children’s Hospital Lucerne | 4 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 3 (4%) |
| Fribourg Hospital (pediatrics) | 4 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (5%) |
| Lausanne University Hospital (pediatrics) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3%) |
| Hospital Lindenhof (Pneumology, Bern) | 4 (4%) | 2 (12%) | 2 (3%) |
| Others 3 | 7 (7%) | 4 (24%) | 3 (4%) |
| Symptoms, n (%) | all cases | PCD cases | non-PCD cases |
| Chronic productive cough | 61 (61%) | 9 (53%) | 51 (64%) |
| Chronic rhinitis | 40 (40%) | 9 (53%) | 29 (36%) |
| Chronic sinusitis | 8 (8%) | 1 (6%) | 7 (9%) |
| Recurrent otitis media | 18 (18%) | 4 (24%) | 13 (16%) |
| Recurrent respiratory infections | 41 (41%) | 2 (12%) | 36 (45%) |
| Bronchiectasis | 12 (12%) | 3 (18%) | 8 (10%) |
| Neonatal respiratory distress | 8 (8%) | 1 (6%) | 7 (9%) |
| Situs anomalies | 10 (10%) | 5 (29%) | 5 (6%) |
| Others 4 | 42 (42%) | 9 (53%) | 32 (40%) |
| nNO3, n (%) | all cases | PCD cases | non-PCD cases |
| Reduced (<77 nL/min) | 25 (25%) | 3 (18%) | 21 (26%) |
| Borderline (<85 nL/min, >77 nL/min) | 2 (2%) | 11 (65%) | 14 (18%) |
| Normal (>85 nL/min) | 24 (24%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3%) |
| Not performed 5 | 49 (49%) | 3 (18%) | 43 (54%) |
1 Three cases were unsolved (n = 2 inconclusive, n = 1 diagnostics ongoing); thus, PCD and non-PCD cases do not sum up to the numbers of all cases. 2 Children = age younger than 18 years. 3 Hospitals with only one case, e.g., University Children’s Hospital Basel, University Hospital Basel (Clinic for Ear–Nose–Throat). 4 e.g., cardiological problems, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, growth impairment, hearing problems, colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, family history of PCD. 5 For some patients we do not have this information either because the referring center had no possibility to measure nNO levels or because the patient was too young to perform a nNO measurement.