Table A4.
Investigations in mixed-metabolism individual sports.
| Study | Participants | Habituation to Caffeine | Study Design | Sport | Supplementation | Dose | Main Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abian et al. (2015) [30] | 16 males 25 ± 7 years |
Light caffeine consumers (<60 mg·day−1) | DB, R, Cx | Badminton | Fure, ProEnergetics energy drink, or placebo, consumed 1 h before exercise | 3 mg·kg−1 | Higher performance in badminton-specific jumps |
| Clarke and Duncan (2016) [36] | 12 males 28 ± 9 years |
Not reported | DB, R, Cx | Badminton | Carbohydrate drink (CHO), caffeinated drink (ED), a drink containing carbohydrate and caffeine (C + C), or placebo, consumed before and during exercise | ED = 4 mg·kg−1, C + C = 4 mg·kg−1 | Significant improvement in serve accuracy and sprinting actions |
| Gallo-Salazar et al. (2015) [44] | 10 males and 4 females 16 ± 1 years |
Light caffeine consumers (less than 1 can of soda or energy drink per day) | DB, R, Cx | Tennis | Fure, ProEnergetics energy drink, or placebo, consumed 1 h before exercise | 3 mg·kg−1 | Higher number of sprints during a simulated match |
| Peltier et al. (2013) [53] | 8 males 26 ± 6 years |
Moderate caffeine consumers (1–2 cups of coffee or equivalent per day) | DB, R, Cx | Tennis | Caffeinated sports drinks or placebo, consumed before and during a simulated tournament | 215 mg | Higher stroke frequency during play |
DB = double-blinded, R = randomized, Cx = crossover.