Table 2.

Main antioxidant nutrients and enzymes present in male and female reproductive tract fluids and its relationship with fertility parameters. Arrows illustrate the levels of the nutrients/enzymes in the conditions presented. ↓ decreased and ↑ increased.

	Male	Female	References
Vitamin C	↓ Asthenozoopermia	↓ Early-onset preemclampsia ↓ Atrophy of ovarian follicular atresia	[78,79,143,173]
Vitamin E	↓ Lipid peroxidation ↓ Asthenozoopermia	↓ Idiopathic infertility	[81,82,146]
	↑ Associated with increased fertility rate		[82]
Cartinine	↑ Good Sperm parameters	↑ Fertile diabetic patients	[83,84,170]
Trace elements (e.g., Zinc)	↓ DNA Fragmentation ↓Asthenozoopermia		[85,86]
Glutathione Peroxidase	↓Asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, and teratozoospermia	Important role in gametogenesis and fertilization	[92,117,152]
	Crucial for oocyte encounter		[185]
Glutathione	Prevents against sperm decondensation and male pronucleus formation	Present in oocytes and embryo	[124,153]
Catalase	↓ Asthenozoospermia, asthenoteratozoospermia, and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia	↑ in obese women	[61,159]
SOD	↑ in infertile/subfertlie patients ↑ Sperm concentration	Fluctuates during menstruation process ↓ low fertilization rates	[102,103,133,164]