Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies (part 2)
| Study | Effect size (95% CI) | Adjusted for |
|---|---|---|
| Shalom et al. [17] 2020 | Celiac disease: aOR = 1.609 (1.42–1.82) | Age, sex, smoking status and primary care visits |
| Narla et al. [20] 2018 | 32 specific autoimmune diseases: adult (aOR 1.45 1.32–1.58); children (aOR 2.08 1.73–2.5) | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance status |
| Egeberg et al. [11] 2017 | CD: aOR = 1.65 (1.20–2.26); UC: aOR = 1.85 (1.49–2.29) | Age, sex, socioeconomic status, and number of dermatologist visits |
| Andersen et al. [12] 2016 | 22 specific autoimmune diseases: overall effect not available | Age, sex, smoking, socioeconomic status, and number of dermatologist visits |
| Radtke et al. [10] 2016 | CD: OR = 1.71 (1.54–1.91); UC: OR = 1.66 (1.50–1.84); AA: OR = 3.30 (2.95–3.70); vitiligo: OR = 2.60 (2.26–3.00) | NA |
| Augustin et al. [14] 2015 | CD: OR = 1.33 (0.87–2.04); UC: OR = 1.75 (1.10–2.79); AA: OR = 2.34 (1.77–3.08); vitiligo: OR = 3.26 (2.51–4.22) | NA |
| Wu et al. [18] 2014 | T1DM: aOR = 1.00 (0.90–1.13); PA: aOR = 0.54 (0.20–1.41); RA: aOR = 0.89 (0.74–1.06); SLE: aOR = 1.94 (1.48–2.54); vitiligo: aOR = 1.08 (0.76–1.53); ATD: aOR = 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | Age, gender, number of healthcare visits, presence of allergic rhinitis, asthma and the autoimmune disorders listed in this table |
| Soh et al. [16] 2020 | CD: aRR = 2.02 (1.12–3.67); UC: aRR = 1.51 (1.08–2.10) | Age, sex, residence, smoking history, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, income, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia |
| Wei et al. [15] 2020 | AA: aRR = 6.00 (5.04–7.14) | |
| Krishna et al. [9] 2019 | CD: aRR = 1.33 (0.87–2.04); UC: aRR = 1.75 (1.10–2.79); AA: aRR = 2.34 (1.77–3.08); vitiligo: aRR = 1.67 (1.50–1.87); Sjogrens syndrome: aRR = 1.52 (1.22–1.88); RA: aRR = 1.31 (1.22–1.41); PA: aRR = 1.23 (1.11–1.35); MG: aRR = 1.04 (0.76–1.41); celiac disease: aRR = 1.37 (1.24–1.52); ATD: aRR = 1.14 (1.00–1.30); multiple sclerosis: aRR = 1.15 (0.96–1.37); SLE: aRR = 2.40 (1.98–2.91) | Age, sex, socio-economic status, smoking status, BMI and ethnicity |
| Drucker et al. [21] 2017 | AA: aRR = 1.80 (1.18–2.76); vitiligo: aRR = 2.14 (2.29–3.54) | Age, BMI, alcohol intake, physical activity, cigarette smoking status and history of postmenopausal hormone replacement use |
| Schmitt et al. [13] 2016 | CD: aRR = 1.34 (1.11–1.61); UC: aRR = 1.25 (1.03–1.53); RA: aRR = 1.72 (1.12–2.37); T1DM: aRR = 0.72 (0.53–0.998) | Age, sex, socioeconomic status, access to health care and health care utilization behavior |
| Lai et al. [22] 2015 | RA: aRR = 1.41 (0.98–2.02) | Age, sex, urbanization level, income and diabetes mellitus |
| Wei et al. [19] 2014 | SLE: aRR = 2.92 (1.85–4.60) | Sex, age, urbanization, and mutual five allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and urticaria) |
AA alopecia areate, CD Crohn’s disease, RA rheumatoid arthritis, SLE systematic lupus erythematosus, UC ulcerative colitis, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, aRR adjusted relative risk