AGEs	advanced glycation end products
AGIs	α-glucosidase inhibitors
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
AUC	area under the curve
CAT	catalase
C/EBP (α/δ)	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (alpha/delta)
CYP2E1	cytochrome P450 2E1
DHEA	dehydroepiandrosterone
FAS	fatty acid synthase
GLUT (1/4)	glucose transporter (1/4)
GPx	glutathione peroxidase
HFD	high-fat diet
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
HOMA-IR	homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
iNOS	induced nitric oxide synthase
IL (1β/6/10)	interleukin (1β/6/10)
IR	insulin resistance
IRS (1/2)	insulin receptor substrate (1/2)
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
LPL	lipoprotein lipase
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDA	malondialdehyde
MGO	methylglyoxal
mRNA	messenger ribonucleic acid
NFκB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NO	nitric oxide
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OGTT	oral glucose tolerance test
PAI-1	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PCOS	polycystic ovary syndrome
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PKB (=Akt)	protein kinase B
PPAR-γ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PTP1B	protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RXR	retinoid X receptor
SOD	superoxide dismutase
STZ	streptozotocin
T1DM	type 1 diabetes mellitus
TC	total cholesterol
TG	triglycerides
TGF-β	transforming growth factor β
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor