Figure 4.

ALA suppressed the activated astrocytes and release of inflammatory markers in Cd-injected mice; (a,b) Western blot results for p-NF-kB and IL1-β (n = 5 mice per group; the number of experiments n = 3; statistical analysis one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s posthoc test was used for comparisons among the different groups in mouse brain; (c,d) Double confocal images for GFAP and IL1-β and p-NF-kB expression, magnification 10×, scale bar = 100 μm and high resolution. Significantly different from the vehicle-treated control group, #, significantly different from the Cd-treated mouse group. Significance: * p < 0.05; # p < 0.05.