Table 1.
Macrophages and bladder cancer clinical outcomes.
| Cell Types and Markers | Bladder Cancer Cohorts | Types of Sample | Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD68+ (TAM) | 40 pTa-pT1 23 ≥ pT2 |
FFPE tissue | High TAM count was associated with poor 5-year survival | Hanada et al. [29] |
| CD68+ (TAM) | 81 pTa-pT1 11 pT2 |
FFPE tissue | High number of TAMs was significantly associated with risk of progression | Bostrom et al. [31] |
| CD68+ (TAM) | 112 pTa 89 pT1 93 MIBC |
FFPE tissue | High CD68/CD3 ratio was associated with poor OS | Sjödahl et al. [45] |
| CD68+ (TAM) | 10 low grades 34 high grades |
FFPE tissue | High TAM count was associated with poor DFS but not OS | Chai et al. [50] |
| CD163+ (TAM) | 115 MIBC | FFPE tissue | High TAM count was associated with poor PFS and OS | Xu et al. [35] |
| CD163+ (TAM) | 94 high grade pT1 | FFPE tissue | TAMs were associated with tumor recurrence and progression | Yang et al. [43] |
| CD204+round cells (TAM) | 155 NMIBC | FFPE tissue | High number of TAMs correlated with a high risk of recurrence | Miyake et al. [42] |
| TAM | MIBC (no metastatic disease) | TCGA database | A signature with low T cells, low NK cells, high Treg and high TAMs is associated with poor DFS and OS | Fu et al. [24] |
| TAM | 406 MIBC | TCGA database | Patients in the high-risk group had a signature with low CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and high abundance of M0 macrophages | Li et al. [44] |
| CD204+CD68+ (CD204+ macrophages) | 212 pTa-pT1 90 pT2-pT4 |
FFPE tissue | High number of CD204+ macrophages in tumor stroma was associated with poor OS | Wang et al. [25] |
| DC-SIGN+CD68+ (DC-SIGN+TAM) | 257 MIBC | FFPE tissue | DC-SIGN+ TAMs may contribute to progression and poor prognosis | Hu et al. [46] |
| M2-like TAM | 429 MIBC | TCGA database | High M2-like TAM signature was associated with poor OS and DFS | Xue et al. [38] |
| M2-like TAM | 402 MIBC | TCGA database | M2-like TAM signature was associated with significantly worse 5-year OS and DFS outcomes | Jiang et al. [47] |
| CD169+CD68+ (CD169+macrophages) | 44 MIBC | FFPE tissue | CD169+ macrophages in tumor-draining lymph nodes were positively correlated with a favorable prognosis | Asano et al. [48] |
| CD33+ (MDSC) | 70 NMIBC 27 MIBC |
FFPE tissue | The number of tumor-infiltrating CD33+ MDSCs was significantly inversely correlated with patient OS | Zhang et al. [27] |
| CD11b+CD33lowHLA-DR− (MDSC) | 71 pTa-pT1 42 pT2-pT4 |
PBMC | High numbers of circulating CD11b+ CD33lowHLA-DR− cells were correlated with poor OS | Yang et al. [32] |
CSS: cancer-specific survival; DFS: disease-free survival; FFPE: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; MDSC: myeloid-derived suppressor cell; MIBC: muscle-invasive bladder cancer; NK cells: natural killer cells; NMIBC: nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer; OS: overall survival; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PFS: progression-free survival; TAM: tumor-associated macrophage; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; Treg: regulatory T cells.