FRP	fiber-reinforced polymer
AFRP	aramid fiber-reinforced polymer
BFRP	basalt fiber-reinforced polymer
CFRP	carbon fiber-reinforced polymer
GFRP	glass fiber-reinforced polymer
Asc	cross-sectional area of the compression reinforcement
Afrp	cross-sectional area of the FRP tension reinforcement
Ast	cross-sectional area of the steel tension reinforcement
ccr	neutral axis depth of the section at fully cracked state
cy	neutral axis depth of the section at the initiation of yielding of steel tension reinforcement
Cc	internal force in the rectangular concrete compression block
Cs	internal force in the compression steel
d	effective depth
d′	depth of the compression reinforcement from the compression face
E	modulus of elasticity
Ec	modulus of elasticity of concrete
Ef	modulus of elasticity of FRP
Es	modulus of elasticity of steel
Esec	secant modulus of elasticity of concrete
Esh	slope of the strain-hardening portion of the stress-strain curve of steel
fc′	specified compressive strength of concrete
fc″	maximum compressive strength of concrete in the Todeschini et al. [34] stress-strain model
fc(εc)	stress in concrete corresponding to the extreme compression fiber strain
fck	concrete characteristic compressive strength
fctm	mean direct tensile strength of concrete
fctm,fl	mean flexural tensile strength of concrete
ffrp(εst)	stress in tension FRP corresponding to the extreme compression fiber strain
ffu	rupture stress of FRP
fr	modulus of rupture of concrete
fs(εst)	stress in tension steel corresponding to the extreme compression fiber strain
fsc(εsc)	stress in compression steel corresponding to the extreme compression fiber strain
h	total beam height in mm
I	second moment of area (moment of inertia)
Icr	cracked moment of inertia (tension steel not yielded)
Icr 2	second cracked moment of inertia (tension steel yielded)
Ie	effective moment of inertia
Ig	gross moment of inertia
Im	modified moment of inertia
Iucr	uncracked transformed moment of inertia
Iy	yielding moment of inertia (right before yielding of tension steel)
Iy 2	second yielding moment of inertia (immediately after yielding of tension steel)
k 2 (εc)	coefficient in the Todeschini et al. [34] stress-strain model for the depth of the centroid of concrete compression blocks from compression faces
L	length of the beam span
Lss	shear span length
m	power term in the effective moment of inertia expression
Ma	applied moment
Mcr	first-cracking moment
Mcc	moment contribution of concrete block
Mfcr	full-cracking moment
Msc	moment contribution of compression reinforcement
Mt	moment contribution of tension reinforcement
n	modular ratio of reinforcement to concrete
nf	modular ratio of FRP to concrete
P	applied load
Pcr	cracking load
Pcr 1	analytical cracking load estimate for the experimental modulus of rupture and uncracked transformed moment of inertia
Pcr 2	analytical cracking load estimate for the experimental modulus of rupture and gross moment of inertia
Pcr 1A	analytical cracking load estimate for the ACI318m-11 [32] modulus of rupture and uncracked transformed moment of inertia
Pcr 2A	analytical cracking load estimate for the ACI318m-11 [32] modulus of rupture and gross transformed moment of inertia
Pcr 1E	analytical cracking load estimate for the Eurocode 2 [31] modulus of rupture and uncracked transformed moment of inertia
Pcr 2E	analytical cracking load estimate for the Eurocode 2 [31] modulus of rupture and gross transformed moment of inertia
Pcrt	experimental cracking load
Pfcr	full-cracking load
Pult	ultimate load
Py	yielding load
Tf	internal force in the tension FRP
Ts	internal force in the tension steel
α	reduction factor in the effective moment of inertia expression
αb	reduction factor in the effective moment of inertia depending on the reinforcement ratio
β	reduction factor in the effective moment of inertia expression
βd	reduction factor in the effective moment of inertia reflecting the modulus of elasticity and bonding properties of FRP on beam deflections
β 1 (εc)	coefficient in the Todeschini et al. [34] stress-strain model for the width of the equivalent concrete compression block
δ	deflection
Δδ	incremental deflection
ΔP	incremental load
εc	extreme compression fiber strain
εcu	crushing strain of concrete
εo	concrete strain at ultimate stress
εfu	rupture strain of FRP
εsc	strain of the compression reinforcement
εsh	strain of steel at the initiation of strain-hardening
εst	strain of the tension reinforcement
εy	yielding strain of steel
εu	ultimate (rupture) strain of steel
ρ	total tension reinforcement ratio
ρf	ratio of FRP tension reinforcement
ρfb	balanced FRP tension reinforcement ratio