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The effects of caffeine action in respiratory system diseases.
| Disease | Effect |
|---|---|
| Breathing problems | ↑ ventilation [150,151] ↑ tidal volume [150,151] ↑ inspiratory flow [150] ↓ total lung resistance [151] |
| Asthma COPD |
↑ airways functions [146] ↑ risk of COPD [147] |
| Lung cancer | ↑ risk of lung cancer [152] |
COPD—Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ↓—decrease, ↑—increase.
