Table 3.

Microbial sources and the related information for DTEases and DAEases.

	Sources of Enzyme	GenBank	Expression Host	Expression Cassette	Molecular Weight of Native Protein	Optimal pH	Optimal Temperature (°C)	Metal Ions Required	Conversion Ratio	Ref
DTEase	P.cichorii ST24	BAA24429	E. coli.JM105	pIK-01-DTE	33	7.5–8.0	60	Mn2+	20%	[84]
	R.sphaeroides SK011	ACO59490	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-22b (+)-DTE	128 (tetramer)	9.0	40	Mn2+	23%	[23]
	C.scindens	WP_004607502.1	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-22b (+)-DTE	31	7.5–8.0	60	Mn2+	28%	[20]
	C. fortuita	WP_061137998.1	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-22b (+)-DTE	70 (dimer)	7.5	65	Co2+	29.4%	[78]
	R. baltica SH 1	NC_005027	B. subtilis WB800	pP43NMK-DTE	32	7	35	NR	25.86%	[85]
	C. minuta	NZ_CP029256.1	E. coli Rosetta (DE3)	pANY1-DTE	33	6	50	Ni2+	30%	[25]
	Sinorhizobium sp	NZ_CP016452.1	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-28a (+)-DTE	68 (dimer)	8.0	50	Mn2+	34%	[86]
DAEase	Clostridium bolteae	CLOBOL_00069	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-22b (+)-DAE	139 (tetramer)	7.0	55	Co2+	28.8%	[87]
	Dorea sp. CAG317	FR892665.1	B.subtilis WB800	pSTOP1622-P43- DAE	32.7	6.0	70	NR	NR	[88]
	Ruminococcus sp.	ZP_04858451	Bacillus pumilus	pNCMO2-DAE	128 (tetramer)	8.0	60	Mn2+	26%	[89]
	Treponema primitia ZAS-1	ZP_09717154.1	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-22b (+)-DAE	33.3	8.0	70	Co2+	28%	[22]
	Thermoclostridium caenicola	SHI77623.1	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-22b (+)-DAE	33	7.5	65	Co2+	28%	[90]
	A.globiformis M30	BAW27657.1	NR	NR	128 (tetramer)	7.0–8.0	70	Mg2+	24%	[91]
	A. tumefaciens EHA 105	KX098480.1	K. marxianus	pRS42H-DAE	33	8.0	55	Mn2+	25.3%	[92]
	Flavonifractor plautii	EHM40452.1	C. glutamicum ATCC 13032	pEKEx2-DAE	33	7.0	65	Co2+	31%	[93]
	Pirellula sp. SH-Sr6A	WP_146677337.1	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-22b (+)-DAE	32	7.5	60	Co2+	31.44%	[94]
	C.cellulolyticum H10	NC_011898	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET-22b (+)-DAE	33	8.0	55	Co2+	32%	[79]
	Novibacillus thermophilus	WP_077721022.1	E. coli BL21(DE3)	pET28b (+)-DAE	130 (tetramer)	7.0	70	Co2+	29.7%	[95]

Note: NR = not reported.