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. 2021 Sep 9;13(9):3143. doi: 10.3390/nu13093143

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Bile acid–gut microbiota axis in IBD. Abbreviations: DCA, deoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; CA, cholic acid; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; TCA, taurocholic acid; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; TGR5, Takeda G-protein receptor 5; PXR, pregnane X receptor; VDR, vitamin D receptor; BSH, bile salt hydrolase; BAI, bile acid-inducible enzymes; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; ASBT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter; OSTα/β, organic solute transporter subunit α/β; Th17 cells, T helper 17 cells; Treg cells, regulatory T cells; ILC3, group 3 innate lymphoid cells; ILC1, group 1 innate lymphoid cells; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-10, interleukin-10; IL-12, interleukin-12; IL-17, interleukin-17; IL-22, interleukin-22; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; IFN-γ, interferon-γ.