Distribution of samples among patients having been tested positive (COVID+) or negative (COVID−) for COVID-19 before collection of samples for microbial analysis. (a) Percentages and number of patients (and relative isolates) having been tested positive or negative for COVID-19 before collection of samples for microbial analysis. (b) Comparison of trends of new COVID-19 cases in Italy (red line, right vertical axis), bacterial strains isolated from COVID+ patients in our study cohort (black line, left vertical axis), and bacterial strains isolated from COVID− patients in our study cohort (grey line, left vertical axis). The time-periods of the first and second pandemic waves in Italy are reported over the plot. (c) Distribution of patients and isolates among clinical areas. (d) Distribution of isolates from COVID+ and COVID− patients among clinical areas.