Table 7.
Effect of bioactive rice compounds against pathological mechanisms associated with diabetes.
| Source | Model/Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| γ-oryzanol | C57BL/6J mouse, diet supplemented with oryzanol 320 μg/g weight/day, 13 weeks | ↓ ER stress in pancreatic β-cells ↓ Pancreatic islet dysfunction ↑ Protection of β-cells against apoptosis |
[118] |
| Ferulic acid (FA) | Cell-free, human amylin peptide + 10–40 µM FA, 192 h | ↓ IAPP amyloid formation by 27.7% to 22.6% | [134] |
| γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) | CD1 mice + 2 injections of 20 μmol GABA/mouse during 48 h; INS-1 cells challenged with streptozotocin (STZ) (15 mM, 24 h) + 1, 10, 100 μM of GABA |
↑ Islet cell function ↑ Protection of β-cell from apoptosis |
[116] |
| CD1 or C57 mouse, supplemented with 6 mg GABA/mL, 10 weeks | ↑ β-cell proliferation ↑ Insulin secretion |
[117] | |
| Tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) | C3H/AnLCSaCSa mouse induced with alloxan and supplemented with 50 mg α-tocopherol/100 g diet, 14 weeks | ↑ Insulin secretion ↓ Apoptosis caused by oxidative stress |
[19] |
“↑” means increase; “↓” means decrease.