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Findings such as decreased levels of 5-HT, NE, and BDNF, as well as dysregulation of the HPA axis and pro-inflammatory pathways, are associated with depression, contributing to the increase in neurodegeneration phenomena present in AD, such as the presence of Aβ plaques and brain atrophy. Adapted with permission from ref. [48]. Copyright 2019 Frontiers Media S.A. Created with BioRender.com [49]. Available online: https://biorender.com/ (accessed on 16 August 2021).
