Table 1.
General, clinical and psychological characteristics of the surveyed people.
| Feature (Variable) | Statistics |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Female | 290 (58.0%) |
| Male | 210 (42.0%) |
| Age | |
| 60–64 | 141 (28.2%) |
| 65–69 | 128 (25.6%) |
| 70 and more | 231 (46.2%) |
| Place of residence | |
| Village | 110 (22.0%) |
| Town, less than 20,000 inhabitants | 56 (11.2%) |
| Town, between 20,000 to 100,000 inhabitants | 136 (27.2%) |
| Town, between 100,000 to 200,000 inhabitants | 62 (12.4%) |
| Town, between 200,000 to 400,000 inhabitants | 39 (7.8%) |
| Town, more than 400,000 inhabitants | 97 (19.4%) |
| Housing situation | |
| Lives alone | 108 (21.6%) |
| Lives with partner | 202 (40.4%) |
| Lives with partner and children | 117 (23.4%) |
| Lives alone with children | 35 (7.0%) |
| Lives with family | 29 (5.8%) |
| Other situation | 9 (1.8%) |
| Education | |
| Primary | 8 (1.6%) |
| Vocational | 105 (21.0%) |
| Secondary | 245 (49.0%) |
| Higher | 142 (28.4%) |
| Body mass (kg) | |
| M ± SD | 78.5 ± 15.7 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 76 (67–88) |
| Min–Max | 48–140 |
| Body height (cm) | |
| M ± SD | 169 ± 9 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 168 (163–175) |
| Min–Max | 141–210 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |
| M ± SD | 27.4 ± 4.6 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 27 (24–30) |
| Min–Max | 19–46 |
| Household income per person per month | |
| Less than 500 PLN | 5 (1.0%) |
| 501–1000 PLN | 24 (4.8%) |
| 1001–2000 PLN | 188 (37.6%) |
| 2001–3000 PLN | 158 (31.6%) |
| More than 3000 PLN | 110 (2.0%) |
| Refusal to answer | 15 (3.0%) |
| Chronic diseases | |
| Coronary Heart Disease | 63 (12.6%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 74 (14.8%) |
| Asthma | 43 (8.6%) |
| COPD | 33 (6.6%) |
| Heart Failure | 71 (14.2%) |
| Kidney Failure | 20 (4.0%) |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 68 (13.6%) |
| Was vaccinated against influenza in 2019 | 62 (12.4%) |
| Was vaccinated against influenza in 2020 | 51 (10.2%) |
| Avoids vaccination because of possible complications | 164 (32.8%) |
| Wants to be vaccinated against influenza but was unable due to lack of availability of vaccines | 104 (20.8%) |
| The GP doctor recommended vaccination against influenza and pneumococci | 81 (16.2%) |
| Number of drugs taken | |
| 1 to 3 | 301 (60.2%) |
| 4 to 6 | 151 (30.2%) |
| 7 to 10 | 40 (8.0%) |
| More than 10 | 8 (1.6%) |
| Cardiac drugs | 132 (26.4%) |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 255 (51.0%) |
| Diuretics | 78 (15.6%) |
| Analgesics | 230 (46.0%) |
| Digestive ailments drugs | 131 (26.2%) |
| Anticoagulants | 87 (17.4%) |
| Antidepressants | 78 (15.6%) |
| Nootropics | 54 (10.8%) |
| All drugs are prescribed by the same doctor | 352 (70.4%) |
| How many different doctors have prescribed your medications? | n = 148 |
| 2 | 82 (55.4%) |
| 3 | 52 (35.1%) |
| 4 and more | 14 (9.4%) |
| Informs the GP about all new medications | 391 (78.2%) |
| Buys drugs and/or supplements without a prescription | 378 (75.6%) |
| Analgesics | 305 (61.0%) |
| For heartburn | 132 (26.4%) |
| Herbal | 155 (31.0%) |
| Vitamins (C, B, D) | 345 (69.0%) |
| Other | 96 (19.2%) |
| Activities of Daily Living (ADL) | |
| M ± SD | 5.9 ± 0.4 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 6 (6–6) |
| Min–Max | 2–6 |
| Fit people (5–6 pts.) | 493 (98.6%) |
| Moderately disabled people (3–4 pts.) | 6 (1.2%) |
| Disabled people (0–2 pts.) | 1 (0.2%) |
| The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) | |
| M ± SD | 22.9 ± 2.3 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 24 (23–24) |
| Min–Max | 11–24 |
| Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) | |
| M ± SD | 9.1 ± 1.0 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 9 (9–10) |
| Min–Max | 5–10 |
| Normal condition (7–10 pts.) | 9.1 ± 1.0 |
| Moderate disorder (4–6 pts.) | 9 (9–10) |
| Geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) | |
| M ± SD | 4.8 ± 4.0 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 4 (2–8) |
| Min–Max | 0–15 |
| Lack of depression (0–5 pts.) | 324 (64.8%) |
| Depression (6–15 pts.) | 176 (35.2%) |
| Gastric Anxiety Scale (GAS-10) | |
| M ± SD | 7.2 ± 4.6 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 6 (4–10) |
| Min–Max | 0–25 |
| Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6) | |
| M ± SD | 14.2 ± 5.9 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 15 (10–18) |
| Min–Max | 0–30 |
| Social loneliness scale (Gierveld Scale) | |
| M ± SD | 13.1 ± 1.8 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 13 (12–14) |
| Min–Max | 6–18 |
| Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) | |
| M ± SD | 12.8 ± 1.5 |
| Me (Q1–Q3) | 13 (12–14) |
| Min–Max | 6–14 |
| Proper nutritional status (12–14 pts.) | 418 (83.6%) |
| The danger of malnutrition (8–11 pts.) | 78 (15.6%) |
| Malnutrition (0–7 pts.) | 4 (0.8%) |