Table 4.
The factors influencing food choice before and during the COVID-19 pandemic for the total sample and separately with respect to sex.
| Factors | Total Sample (n = 1232) | Women (n = 890) | Men (n = 339) | Women vs. Men before COVID-19 Pandemic | Women vs. Men during COVID-19 Pandemic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before COVID-19 Pandemic Mean (SD) |
During COVID-19 Pandemic Mean (SD) |
Before COVID-19 Pandemic Mean (SD) |
During COVID-19 Pandemic Mean (SD) |
p a | Before COVID-19 Pandemic Mean (SD) |
During COVID-19 Pandemic Mean (SD) |
p a | p b | p b | |
| Health | 3.84 (0.856) | 3.91 (0.862) | 3.90 (0.836) | 3.99 (0.833) | <0.001 | 3.68 (0.887) | 3.71 (0.903) | 0.193 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Mood | 3.37 (0.928) | 3.36 (1.013) | 3.41 (0.919) | 3.41 (1.006) | 0.742 | 3.25 (0.942) | 3.21 (1.018) | 0.133 | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Convenience | 3.84 (0.858) | 3.90 (0.888) | 3.93 (0.833) | 4.01 (0.858) | <0.001 | 3.60 (0.878) | 3.61 (0.902) | 0.657 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Sensory Appeal | 3.85 (0.849) | 3.85 (0.877) | 3.92 (0.840) | 3.93 (0.860) | 0.479 | 3.67 (0.847) | 3.62 (0.884) | 0.091 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Natural Content | 3.77 (0.929) | 3.81 (0.947) | 3.83 (0.908) | 3.89 (0.904) | 0.002 | 3.61 (0.954) | 3.60 (1.014) | 0.733 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Price | 3.47 (0.905) | 3.56 (0.942) | 3.53 (0.899) | 3.63 (0.930) | <0.001 | 3.30 (0.900) | 3.36 (0.947) | 0.009 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Weight Control | 3.23 (0.917) | 3.39 (0.954) | 3.25 (0.911) | 3.42 (0.942) | <0.001 | 3.18 (0.937) | 3.32 (0.987) | <0.001 | 0.256 | 0.095 |
| Familiarity | 3.26 (0.883) | 3.32 (0.921) | 3.28 (0.884) | 3.36 (0.925) | <0.001 | 3.20 (0.880) | 3.22 (0.902) | <0.001 | 0.123 | 0.012 |
| Ethical Concern | 2.88 (0.992) | 2.97 (1.040) | 2.97 (0.991) | 3.05 (1.038) | <0.001 | 2.66 (0.961) | 2.78 (1.019) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
n, number of participants; SD, standard deviation; a within-group differences before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were calculated using ANOVA with repeated measures; b between-group differences for both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were calculated using a one-way ANOVA. The factors are presented in order that corresponds to the original Food Choice Questionnaire [24]. The average mean score was calculated for all the factors.