Table A1.
A bivariate analysis showing the factors related to the closure of home-visit nursing agencies by years of operation.
| Independent Variables | <3 Years of Operation | 3–14 Years of Operation | ≥15 Years of Operation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not Closed | Closed | p | Not Closed | Closed | p | Not Closed | Closed | p | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| A. Regional factors | |||||||||
| Percentage of older adults 65 years old or over † | 25.7 (22.9–30.3) | 25.0 (22.3–29.3) | 0.007 b | 26.6 (23.4–30.6) | 26.3 (23.6–30.6) | 0.714 b | 27.5 (24.3–32.2) | 27.1(24.4–32.3) | 0.788 b |
| Inhabitable area (square km) † | 2827.7 (1097.3–7898.3) | 3269.3 (1083.7–8172.1) | 0.330 b | 2488.1 (883.6–7875.3) | 3669.3 (983.5–8792.5) | 0.034 b | 1507.4 (647.1–5694.3) | 1792.9 (614.4–7975.2) | 0.377 b |
| Number of VNAs per 100,000 population † | 7.0 (5.3–9.5) | 6.5 (4.9–9.2) | 0.038 b | 7.3 (5.3–9.4) | 7.4 (5.5–10.1) | 0.253 b | 6.8 (4.9–9.6) | 7.4 (5.8–11.6) | 0.004 b |
| Number of clinics per 100,000 population † | 77.3 (63.5–91.5) | 75.9 (63.4–92.5) | 0.789 b | 78.6 (65.8–94.1) | 81.2 (68.0–99.3) | 0.012 b | 77.3 (64.9–91.5) | 80.8 (68.0–95.6) | 0.062 b |
| B. Organizational factors | |||||||||
| Ownership 1 | |||||||||
| For-profit | 798 (75.7) | 256 (24.3) | 0.099 a | 1287 (87.3) | 188 (12.8) | 0.446 a | 60 (92.3) | 5 (7.7) | 0.774 a |
| Non-profit | 338 (79.7) | 86 (20.3) | 896 (88.3) | 119 (11.7) | 2295 (93.2) | 167 (6.8) | |||
| Ownership 2 | |||||||||
| Medical | 205 (82.7) | 43 (17.3) | 0.018 a | 464 (87.7) | 65 (12.3) | 0.974 a | 1208 (92.7) | 95 (7.3) | 0.318 a |
| Non-medical | 931 (75.7) | 299 (24.3) | 1719 (87.7) | 242 (12.3) | 1147 (93.7) | 77 (6.2) | |||
| Years of operation as of 2014 † | 1.5 (0.8–2.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.9) | <0.001 b | 7.9 (4.9–10.9) | 6.9 (4.3–10.2) | 0.002 b | 17.0 (15.1–19.1) | 16.2 (15.2–18.1) | 0.013 b |
| Provision of care management services | |||||||||
| No | 599 (74.5) | 205 (25.5) | 0.018 a | 739 (85.9) | 121 (14.1) | 0.055 a | 236 (90.1) | 26 (9.9) | 0.034 a |
| Yes | 538 (79.7) | 137 (20.3) | 1444 (88.6) | 186 (11.4) | 2119 (93.6) | 146 (6.5) | |||
| Number of medical institutions issuing home-visit nursing orders † | 10.0 (3.0–22.0) | 4.5 (1.0–13.0) | <0.001 b | 22.0 (12.0–37.0) | 16.0 (7.0–31.0) | <0.001 b | 22.0 (13.0–33.0) | 16.0 (7.0–27.5) | <0.001 b |
| Number of FTE nurses s † | 3.1(2.6–4.0) | 3.0 (2.6–3.8) | 0.003 b | 4.0 (3.0–5.5) | 3.3 (2.8–4.9) | <0.001 b | 4.9 (3.6–6.8) | 3.9 (3.0–5.0) | <0.001 b |
| Percentage of nurses with less than 3 years of experience in the VNA † | 66.7 (75.0) | 77.5 (83.4) | 0.371 b | 33.0 (45.7) | 40.0 (54.2) | 0.241 b | 25.0 (11.1–40.0) | 25.0 (0.0–40.0) | 0.232 b |
| Percentage of full-time nurses † | 66.7 (42.9–100.0) | 66.7 (40.0–100.0) | 0.802 b | 60.0 (40.0–80.0) | 60.0 (40.0–80.0) | 0.993 b | 66.7 (50.0–85.7) | 75.0 (50.0–100.0) | 0.012 b |
| Number of users per FTE nurses † | 7.2 (2.6–4.0) | 3.7 (0.8–9.3) | <0.001 b | 12.9 (9.1–18.5) | 10.3 (6.1–15.8) | <0.001 b | 13.1 (10.0–16.8) | 11.7 (7.3–15.8) | <0.001 b |
| Change in number of nurses in fiscal 2013 | |||||||||
| Decrease | 55 (83.3) | 11 (16.7) | 0.037 a | 342 (89.3) | 41 (10.7) | 0.169 a | 441 (92.9) | 34 (7.2) | 0.039 a |
| No change | 707 (74.8) | 238 (25.2) | 1106 (86.5) | 173 (13.5) | 1345 (92.4) | 111 (7.6) | |||
| Increase | 375 (80.1) | 93 (19.9) | 735 (88.8) | 93 (11.2) | 569 (95.5) | 27 (4.5) | |||
| Percentage of rehabilitation professionals among home-visit staff † | 0.0 (0.0–28.6) | 0.0 (0.0–8.0) | <0.001 b | 4.7 (0.0–44.4) | 0.0 (0.0–27.1) | <0.001 b | 5.0 (0.0–25.0) | 0.0 (0.0–15.2) | <0.001 b |
| Provision system of services | |||||||||
| Emergency home-visits | |||||||||
| No | 249 (65.5) | 131 (34.5) | <0.001 a | 309 (82.4) | 66 (17.6) | <0.001 a | 234 (90.4) | 25 (9.7) | 0.055 a |
| Yes | 888 (80.8) | 211 (19.2) | 1874 (88.6) | 241 (11.4) | 2121 (93.5) | 147 (6.5) | |||
| Home-based palliative care | |||||||||
| No | 338 (67.6) | 162 (32.4) | <0.001 a | 361 (80.6) | 87 (19.4) | <0.001 a | 259 (87.5) | 37 (12.5) | <0.001 a |
| Yes | 799 (81.6) | 180 (18.4) | 1822 (89.2) | 220 (10.8) | 2096 (94.0) | 135 (6.1) | |||
| Specialized medical care 1 | |||||||||
| No | 286 (66.8) | 142 (33.2) | <0.001 a | 237 (79.8) | 60 (20.2) | <0.001 a | 112 (84.2) | 21 (15.8) | <0.001 a |
| Yes | 851 (81.0) | 200 (19.0) | 1946 (88.7) | 247 (11.3) | 2243 (93.7) | 151 (6.3) | |||
| Specialized medical care 2 | |||||||||
| No | 292 (66.1) | 150 (33.9) | <0.001 a | 257 (79.8) | 65 (20.2) | <0.001 a | 110 (82.7) | 23 (17.3) | <0.001 a |
| Yes | 845 (81.5) | 192 (18.5) | 1926 (88.8) | 242 (11.2) | 2245 (93.8) | 149 (6.2) | |||
| Enhanced service delivery system | |||||||||
| No | 999 (76.1) | 313 (23.9) | 0.061 a | 1275 (85.2) | 222 (14.8) | <0.001 a | 457 (88.7) | 58 (11.3) | <0.001 a |
| Yes | 138 (82.6) | 29 (17.4) | 908 (91.4) | 85 (8.6) | 1898 (94.3) | 114 (5.7) | |||
| Cooperative discharge guidance with hospitals | |||||||||
| No | 411 (70.0) | 176 (30.0) | <0.001 a | 507 (82.3) | 109 (17.7) | <0.001 a | 404 (89.0) | 50 (11.0) | <0.001 a |
| Yes | 726 (81.4) | 166 (18.6) | 1676 (89.4) | 198 (10.6) | 1951 (94.1) | 122 (5.9) | |||
| Number of types of medical care that can be provided † | 11 (6–13) | 9 (1–13) | <0.001 b | 12 (10–13) | 11 (8–13) | <0.001 a | 12 (11–13) | 11 (9–13) | <0.001 b |
| Percentage of users under the age of 40 † | 0.0 (0.0–2.8) | 0.0 (0.0–4.2) | 0.977 b | 1.2 (0.0–4.6) | 0.0 (0.0–4.5) | 0.052 b | 2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 0.0 (0.0–3.4) | <0.001 b |
| Percentage of users with care need level of 4 or higher † | 31.8 (20.0–44.4) | 30.8 (18.2–50.0) | 0.712 b | 33.3 (25.0–43.6) | 34.3 (24.0–48.6) | 0.596 b | 36.1 (27.1–46.5) | 34.1 (25.4–46.2) | 0.235 b |
†: Median (25–75 percentile). p: p-value. VNAs: home-visit nursing agencies. FTE nurses: full-time equivalent nurses. a: Chi-square test. b: Wilcoxon rank sum test.