Table 1.
Successful micropropagation of D. asper via organogenesis from various explants.
| Explant | Basal Medium | PGRs (as Indicated in μM Except Otherwise Mentioned) | Results | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Node (young first three segment) | MS | * BAP (22.0) ** BAP (22.0) + AdS (216.0) *** IBA (4.90) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [16] |
| Node | MS | * BAP (15.0) ** BAP (10.0) + AdS (75.0) *** ½ MS + IBA (5.0) + NAA (5.0) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [19] |
| Seeds, Nodes | MS | * BAP (13.32) ** BAP(13.32) ***NAA (16.11); IBA (49.0) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [91] |
| Node | MS | ** BAP (31.08) ***NAA (16.11) + IAA (5.71) |
Organogenesis, multiple shoots and rooting | [92] |
| Nodes | MS | ** BAP (13.32) + Ads (270.0) *** IBA (4.90) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [93] |
| Node | MS | * BAP (8.86) ** BAP (8.86) + Ads (13.5) + 3% Suc ***IBA (14.76) + NAA (3.67) + 3% Suc # 2,4-D (14.61) ##, ** 2,4-D (14.61) *** IBA (14.76) + NAA (3.67) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [94,100] |
| Node | MS | * ¼ MS BAP ** ¾ MS + 3 ppm Kn |
Shoot multiplication | [96] |
| Stem cuttings | MS | * BAP (0–8.88) + CW (0–20.0) ** BAP (22.2) *** NAA (2.68) + AA (283.5) + CA (130) + Cyst (206.25) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [97] |
| Small branch cuttings | MS | ** BA (3 × 10−5) | Shoot multiplication | [98] |
| Inter node segments | MS | * BAP (2.22) ** BAP (8.88) # Kin (23.25) + NAA (16.11) |
Shoot multiplication, rooting and callusing | [104] |
| Clump | MS | * BAP (15) ** mT (20) |
Shoot multiplication | [101] |
| Immature and mature inflorescence | MS | * BAP (31.08) ** BAP (13.32) *** IBA (49.0) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [102] |
| Seeds | MS | * BAP (22.2) ** BAP(1.332) * IBA (49.0) + NAA (16.11) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [105] |
| Seeds | MS | * BAP (22.2) ** BAP (13.32) *** IBA (49.0); NAA (16.11) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [106] |
| Seeds | MS | * BA (20.0) ** BA (10.0) *** IBA (40.0) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [107] |
| Node | MS | * TDZ (1.135) + NAA (1.34) + AA (283.5) + CA (130.0) + Cyst (206.25) ** TDZ (1.135) + NAA (1.34) + AA (283.5) + CA (130.0) + Cyst (206.25) *** ¼ MS + IBA (9.80) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [108] |
| In vitro grown shoots | MS | ** BAP (31.08) • NAA (16.11) + IBA (14.70) + 5% Suc |
Shoot multiplication and rhizogenesis | [109] |
| Seeds | MS | * BAP (13.32) ** BAP (13.32) *** IBA (34.30) |
Shoot multiplication and rooting | [110] |
AA, ascorbic acid; AdS, adenine sulphate; BAP, 6-Benzylaminopurine; CA, citric acid; CW, coconut water (milk); Cyst, cysteine; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IBA, indole-3-butyric acid; Kin, kinetin; MS, Murashige & Skoog medium; mT, Meta-topolin 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine; NAA, α-naphthaleneacetic acid; PGR, plant growth regulator; Suc, sucrose; TDZ, thidiazuron. *, Seed germination/shoot induction; **, Shoot proliferation/multiplication; ***, rooting; •, Rhizogenesis; #, callus initiation; ##, callus proliferation.