Table 3.
Quality assessment.
| Study | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | TOTAL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akour et al. (2020) | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 |
| Ammar et al. (2020) | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 7 |
| Cruz et al. (2020) | N | U | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | 5 |
| Evanoff et al. (2020) | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 7 |
| Godbole et al. (2021) | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | 5 |
| Li et al. (2020) | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 |
| Ozamiz-Etxebarria et al. (2021) | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 7 |
| Zhao et al. (2020) | Y | U | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | 6 |
Abbreviations: N, no; Y, yes, U, unclear; (1) Was the sample frame appropriate to address the target population? (2) Were study participants recruited in an appropriate way? (3) Was the sample size adequate? (4) Were the study subjects and setting described in detail? (5) Was data analysis conducted with sufficient coverage of the identified sample? (6) Were valid methods used for the identification of the condition? (7) Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants? (8) Was there an appropriate statistical analysis? (9) Was the response rate adequate, and if not, was the low response rate managed appropriately?