Table 1.
COVID-19: increased SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in IBD patients.
| Author | Patients | Diagnostic Method | Geographic Area | Time/Duration of the Study | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carparelli et al., 2021 [10] |
IBD: 600 COVID-19: 25 |
Molecular swab (PCR) or serological test | Foggia (Italy) | Until January 2021 | COVID-19 incidence in IBD patients (4.1%) > incidence in general population (2.8%) Hospitalization in IBD patients (12%) > hospitalization in Italian population (4.8%) |
| Derikx et al., 2021 [11] |
IBD: 34,763 COVID-19: 100 (0.29%) |
PCR 96/100 TC 3/100 Serological test and symptoms 1/100 |
Netherlands | From March to June 2020 | COVID-19 incidence in IBD patients (287.6/100,000) comparable to general population (333/100,000), p = 0.15 Mortality in IBD patients (37.3/100,000) comparable to general population (44.9/100,000), 0 = 0.51 Among 100 infections, 59 hospitalizations and 13 deaths Hospitalization risk in IBD patients (177.2/100,000) > general population (84.5/100,000), p < 0.01 |
| Rizzello et al., 2020 [12] |
IBD: 1158 COVID-19: 26 (2.2%) |
Molecular swab (PCR) | Italy | 10 March 2020–10 June 2020 | COVID-19 incidence in IBD patients (22.4/1000) > incidence in Italy (3.91/1000, respectively 9.01, 6.27, and 7.10/1000 in Lombardy, Emilia Romagna, and Piedmont) |
| Ludvigsson et al., 2021 [13] |
IBD: 67,292 (of which 6569 < 18aa) COVID-19: 811 (1.21%) Controls: 297,910 (of which 30,891 < 18aa) COVID-19: 2890 (0.97%) |
Laboratory diagnosis | Sweden | 01 February 2020–31 July 2020 | COVID-19 incidence in IBD patients (5.4/1000) > controls (3.4/1000) 1/185 IBD patients that required hospitalization < 1/295 in controls (179 vs. 500): the risk of hospitalization is increased 43% in IBD patients (0.27% vs. 0.17% in controls) No increased risk of severe forms (ICU or death) |
| Guerra et al., 2020 [14] |
IBD: 805 COVID-19: 82 |
PCR 28 patients Clinic 54 patients (highly suspected) |
Madrid (Spain) | Until 27 May 2020 | COVID-19 incidence: 10.2% 79.3% mild symptoms, 12.2% moderate symptoms, 8.5% severe symptoms, 1 death |
| Marafini et al., 2020 [15] |
IBD: 672 COVID-19: 3 |
Molecular swab (PCR) | Tor Vergata, Rome (Italy) | Until 30 April 2020 | COVID-19 incidence in IBD patients (4.46/1000) > Italian population (3.41/1000) p = 0.5 |
| Lodyga et al., 2021 [16] |
IBD: 432 Controls: 432 |
Serological test | Warsaw, Lodz and Poznan (Poland) | 01 May 2020–15 June 2020 | IgG: 4.6% of IBD patients and 1.6% of controls, p < 0.05 IgA + IgM: 6% of IBD patients and 1.1% of controls, p < 0.05 |
IBD: inflammatory bowel disease. PCR: polymerase chain reaction. TC: computed tomography. ICU: intensive care unit.