Table 2.

Clinical studies selected according to eligibility criteria.

Reference	Stem Cells Source	Treatment Groups Delivery System	Intervention Implantation Site	Analysis	Main Outcomes Conclusions
Lendeckel et al., 2004 [43]	Autologous human AD-MSCs (gluteal area)	Autologous cancellous bone (iliac crest) + autologous fibrin glue (FG) + autologous MSCs	Implantation of bone + FG + MSCs in multifragment cranial fracture in a 7-years-old girl. Analysis were performed after 3 months of the surgery.	Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound analysis.	Postoperative healing was uneventful and without neurological deficits. CT-scans 3 months post-operatively showed new bone formation and near complete cranial continuity. There is no way to determine how much of the effect was due to the grafted bone or the FG + MSCs.
Haleem et al., 2010 [44]	Autologous human BM-MSCs (iliac crest)	platelet-rich fibrin glue (PR-FG) + MSCs	Implantation of the scaffold in 5 patients with cartilage lesion in the femoral condyle. Analyzes were performed after 6 and 12 months of the procedures.	Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging analysis.	Complete defect fill and complete surface congruity with native cartilage was found in 3 patients, while 2 patients presented incomplete congruity. BM-MSCs transplantation on PR-FG as a scaffold may be an effective approach to promote the repair of articular cartilage defects of the knee in human patients.
Kim et al., 2015 [45]	Autologous human AD-MSCs (buttock liposuction)	G1: MSCs G2: MSCs + fibrin glue (FG)	Injection of MSCs (n = 37) or scaffold containing MSCs (n = 17) in patients with osteoarthritis in the knees. Analyzes were performed after approximately 29 months of the procedures.	Evaluation by International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner Activity scale and International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade.	There were no significant differences in outcome scores between groups However, at second-look arthroscopy, there were better ICRS grades in G2 (23% of lesions in G1 and 58% in G2 achieved grade I and II). Fibrin glue has proven to be an effective scaffold in MSC implantation for osteoarthritis knees treatment.
Koh et al., 2016 [46]	Autologous human AD-MSCs (buttock liposuction)	G1: microfracture (MFX) + fibrin glue (FG) + MSCs G2: MFX alone	Injection of scaffoldin patients with symptomatic knee cartilage defects (> 3 cm2) on the femoral condyle (n = 40). Analysis were performed after 24 months of the procedures.	Evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging, Lysholm score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and a 10-point visual analog scale for pain.	G1 included 26 patients (65%) who had complete cartilage coverage of the lesion at follow-up compared with 18 patients (45%) in G2. The improvements in the mean KOOS pain and symptom subscores were significantly greater at follow-up in G1 than in G2. Compared with MFX alone, MFX + FG + MSCs provided an improved radiologic appearance of lesions and KOOS pain/symptom subscore improvements.
Kim et al., 2017 [47]	Autologous human AD-MSCs (buttock liposuction)	G1: arthroscopic rotator cuff repair G2: arthroscopic rotator cuff repair + injection of AD-MSCs in fibrin glue (FG)	Injection of scaffols containing MSCs in patients with osteoarthritis in the knees (n = 35/per group). Analysis were performed after approximately 28 months of the procedures.	Evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), visual analog scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM), functional measures of Constant score and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale.	MRI indicated a retear rate of 28.5% in G1 and 14.3% in G2. There was no significant difference between groups in the other parameters analyzed. The injection of FG + MSCs during rotator cuff repair could significantly improve structural outcomes in terms of the retear rate.