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. 2021 Sep 7;13(9):1414. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091414

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The anti-inflammatory effect of MNP-Dex/PCA on THP-1-derived M1 macrophages was determined by evaluating the expression of intracellular pro-inflammatory molecules IL-1β (A), CCR2 (B), TNF-α (C), and the levels of released IL-6 (D) after 48 h of treatment. Protein expression was normalized to β-actin. For comparison, the levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in M0 macrophages were shown. The data are expressed as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments performed in duplicates. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001. The protein levels of cytokines in M0 macrophages are also shown. Dexa-treatment of M1 macrophages with dexamethasone (2.5 µM).