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. 2021 Sep 14;13(9):3192. doi: 10.3390/nu13093192

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Immunohistochemical staining of tight junction zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) protein in the duodenal mucosa (ZO-1400X). (a) Duodenal mucosa of a patient with NAFLD at baseline. (b) Duodenal mucosa of a patient with NAFLD after 6 months of probiotics. (c) Duodenal mucosa of a patient with NAFLD at baseline. (d) Duodenal mucosa of a patient with NAFLD after 6 months of the placebo. Brownish ZO-1 IHC staining was observed in the intestinal crypts (red arrows). There was a significant reduction in ZO-1 expression in the post-intervention placebo group (Z-score = −2.86, p = 0.04) but not in the probiotics group (Z-score = −0.93, p = 0.35). Staining score: 0: complete loss; +: moderate loss; ++: focal loss; +++: very focal loss; and ++++: no loss.